Leaching of saline soil (Sabakh) by using different qualities of water and its impact on some chemical and physical properties of the soil

	Leaching of saline soil (Sabakh) by using different qualities of water and its impact on some chemical and physical properties of the soil
Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science
Article 1, Volume 6, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 214-232
Abstract
Abstract : Leaching experiment of disturbed Sabkha soil columns was conducted under field conditions in AL- Numaniyah district Wasit province from (08/10/2013) to (11/01/2014) . By using saline water to study its effect of leaching on some physical and chemical properties of soil and the fresh water that can be saved and determined the leaching norm . Two methods of leaching : continuous leaching and intermittent leaching(L1 , L2) and four qualities of leaching water (S1,S2,S3,S4) were used .The soil from above area , was packed in the columns in two depth , the surface depth (0-37) cm and the salinity was (138.88) ds.m-1 and the underneath surface depth (37-75) cm and the salinity was (47.14) ds.m-1 . The used leaching waters were from Tigris River and the main drain of Al-Delmj project which was used to prepare four qualities of leaching water by using the blind formula with the salinity level (1.24 , 3.41 , 5.58 , 7.67) ds.m-1 and the SAR values were (2.01 , 5.00 , 8.00 , 11.40) . The leachates were collected for each (0.5) L . and the routine analyses of the cations and anions were conducted and the changes of the saturated Hydraulic conductivity was watched during the leaching stages . the cations and anions were determined in the soil after the leaching process . The results indicated that all leaching water qualities had the ability to leach soluble salts from the soil with differences in the time duration and the required volume of water . The lowest time and volume of water for leaching to achieve the electrical conductivity of (15.8) ds.m-1 was found in the Tigris River water, the drain water was saved 100% of fresh water. According to the volume of required leaching water , the intermittent leaching was more efficient than continuous leaching . However , continuous leaching was more efficient in the required time. In this study, the Volobuev equation shows different leaching norm than that found practically . while the saving of fresh water was to approach (15.8) ds.m-1 as compared to the use of fresh water in continuous leaching when it was (0.00% , 24.00% , 54.76% , 100%) and (7.00% , 28.88% , 57.30% , 100%) for the treatments of (S1 , S2 , S3 , S4) in continuous and intermittent leaching respectively. It was observed that severe reduction in the values of electrical conductivity salinity and (Ca , Mg , Na , Cl ) concentrations of leachates in the first stages of leaching process then they became static . In the first stages the reduction of PH was happened and it is followed gradual rise of the interaction degree for the leachates but it did not reach the Alkalinity limits .The soil changed from the salting chloride phase to the sulphuric phase after leaching . The hydraulic conductivity was lowered inverse with the salinity of the leaching water and the reduction was bigger in the continuous leaching than intermittent leaching.

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