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THE INFLUENCE OF VAM MYCORRHIZA TYPE Glomus etunicatum ON GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) AND UPTAKE OF Cd, Cu and Pb IN POLUTED LOAM SOIL | ||
| IRAQ JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE | ||
| Article 1, Volume 19, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 0-0 | ||
| Authors | ||
| M. S. Y. Al-Attabi; M. T. Al-Kaisey; B. Z. Ali | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of utilization of three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) to bioremediate the soil contaminated with three heavy metals, included Cd, Cu and Pb using sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus) as test plants, VAM fungi used were Glomus etunicatum. Study on the effect of these heavy metals on VAM fungi and plants were carried out under controlled conditions and sterilized soil. The results showed the following: 1- Significant increase in dry weight of the root system of the VAM inoculated plants compared to the negative control, results showed also variable effect of heavy metals on the dry weight of shoot system. 2- Significant adverse or negative effect of Cd and Cu on the dry weight of the root and shoot system with the increasing concentrations of heavy metals applied to the soil and non significant effect at the concentration 50 and 100 ppm. of the metal Pb on the root and shoot system of plants inoculated with VAM fungi. 3- The VAM showed high efficiency for extraction of the three heavy metals from the soil at low concentrations and reduction of this efficiency at high concentrations. 4- Increase in accumulation rate of heavy metals in root system with the increasing concentrations of the three heavy metals, compared to shoot system, which showed rate of accumulation almost five times, lower than the roots. 5- The rate of Cd accumulation in the seeds of the plant was within the toxic levels, it recorded 12.9 ppm. In the plants inoculated with G. etunicatum, this indicates the efficiency of this VAM species to remove this metal from the soil, i.e. within the toxic levels and probably present a risk to human health | ||
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