Variants of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 Levels Could be a Predictor of an Early Development of Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes among Iraqi Patients

Abdul Wadood, Shatha; Al Shawk, Refif; Hashem, Rusul

	Variants of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 Levels Could be a Predictor of an Early Development of Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes among Iraqi Patients
Iraqi Journal of Science
Article 1, Volume 56, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 622-632
Authors
Shatha Abdul Wadood; Refif Al Shawk; Rusul Hashem
Abstract
Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on serum concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1of T2DM patients without dyslipidemia (one of atherosclerosis risk factors) and with duration less than 5 years in comparison with T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and with duration more than 10 years and controls. Also to investigate if serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 could be potential markers for early detection of the development of cardiovascular complications in T2DM patients without dyslipidemia. This study consisted of 24 T2DM patients without dyslipidemia, 30 T2DM patients with dyslipidemia, and 26 healthy subjects. A variety of inflammatory markers including: MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL18 and hs-CRP were compared among the three groups. The BMI was similar among the three groups. A significant increase of WHR, WHtR, FPG, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, AIP, atherogenic ratio-1, atherogenic ratio-2, hs-CRP, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-18 with a significant decrease of HDL-C, β Cell% and S% among the three groups. MMP-9 of T2DM patients without dyslipidemia and with duration less than 5 years showed a significant positive correlation with FPG and a significant negative correlation with TC. MMP-9 of T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and with duration more than 10 years showed significant negative correlation with LDL-C. TIMP-1 of T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and with duration more than 10 years showed a significant negative correlation with TC, TG, VLDL-C and atherogenic ratio-1. The significant increased levels of both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in T2DM patients without dyslipidemia and with duration less than 5 years compared to controls showed that those patients have risk factor for cardiovascular complications. This study suggests that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may be potentially useful as markers in T2DM patients at risk of progression of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords
MMP; TIMP; dyslipidemia; Cardiovascular disease

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