Effect of Bio-chemical Fertilizer on Proline Accumulation, Catalase and Peroxidase Enzymes Activity in Leaves of Two Wheat Cultivars  (Ipa99 and Rabyaa) Under Water Deficit Stress.

M. Jawad, Mokdad.; W. Al-Shahwany, Ayyad; H .Khudhair, Saad.

	Effect of Bio-chemical Fertilizer on Proline Accumulation, Catalase and Peroxidase Enzymes Activity in Leaves of Two Wheat Cultivars (Ipa99 and Rabyaa) Under Water Deficit Stress.
Iraqi Journal of Science
Article 1, Volume 56, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 1350-1358
Authors
Mokdad. M. Jawad; Ayyad W. Al-Shahwany; Saad. H .Khudhair
Abstract
Field experiment was carried out during 2013- 2014 at the research field of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, to study the effect of bio-chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on some agronomic traits and yield components of two wheat cultivars (IPA99 and Rabyaa) under drought stress conditions. The bio-chemical fertilizers were mixture of (Azotobacter chroococcum. Azospirillum brasilense. and Pseudomonas fluorescens.) with chemical fertilizers (only 50% of the recommended dosage of N and P), while the chemical fertilizers was 100% of recommended dosage of N and P. Field plots (1×1 m) were randomly made in the field equipped with rainfall shelter to avoid rains. Grains of wheat cultivars were sown manually in their respective plots in rows with a distance of 20 cm between rows and at seed rate of 3 g per row (150 kg/ha). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under split plot arrangement with five replications. Adding fertilizer were kept in the sub plot, while water stress treatment was assigned as main plot. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Water stress was applied by irrigated the plots to the soil field capacity then withheld next irrigation until the soil moisture of the respective plots depleted to 80 (control), 30 % of soil field capacity. The results also showed significant decrease antioxidant enzymes activity with the decreased water stress. Also, the antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT and POD) were more activity after 107 days than 65 days because of no irrigation for harvesting preparation. Besides, at high drought level, the response of the antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT and POD) and proline accumulation were similar to that observed in control treatment, while with bio-chemical fertilizers the significant decreased respectively. These bio-chemical fertilizers would play key role in productivity and sustainability of protect the environment as eco-friendly fertilizers and cost effective inputs for the farmers. With using bio-chemical fertilizers that contain different microbial strains has led to decrease in the use of chemical fertilizers, which can be help achieving sustainability of farms and with no harmful agrochemicals for human safety.
Keywords
biofertilizer; chemical fertilizers; Water Deficit; Wheat; proline; catalase; peroxidase

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