Evaluation of Compost and Biological Control Efficiency Agents in Charchol Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Codi on Corn

A. Hassan, Abdullah; Khaled Ahmed, Waleed

	Evaluation of Compost and Biological Control Efficiency Agents in Charchol Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Codi on Corn
Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences
Article 1, Volume 15, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 77-90
Authors
Abdullah A. Hassan; Waleed Khaled Ahmed
Abstract
This study was carried out first time in Iraq for study of charcoal rot disease on corn, Zea maize. the pathogenicity test on brassica and corn seeds germination proved that M.phaseolina reduce the brassica and corn seeds germination percentage to 61.5 and 53.3%, respectively, compared to 95.6 and 96.7% in controls. The results showed that M.phaseolina was more sensitive for tested fungicides compared with T.harzianum, the growth of T.harzianum was significantly faster in present Diathin M 45)according to Duncan multiple rang P>0.05) compared with other tested fungicides the colony diameter of T.harzianum was 4.4 cm in present Diathin M 45 with reduction to 1,2 cm in M.phaseolina.The effect of tested fungicides on B.subtilis was lower than both fungi, the highest B.subtilis growth was in present Diathin M 45 resulting in 2.3×107 compared to 2.7 × 107 in control.The highest effect of compost was on the pathogenic fungus, the colony diameter was 6.3 , 5.2 and 4.2 cm at 10,20 and 30% respectively, while there was low effect on the biocontrol agent T.harzianum, resulting in 9,8.5 and 8 cm in colony diameter with no significant deffrences P<0.05 with control that gave 9 cm. While the highest bacterial growth was 5.8×107 cell/ml in 30% of compost extract compared to 2.7 ×107cell/ml in control. All studied control treatments in the field experiment were superior on vegetative and productive parameters of corn (DKC6120 Varity) compared to M.phaseolina alone, the highest values of these parameters were in combination of compost+M.phaseolina+T.harzianum + B.subtilis in present of the pathogenic fungus, in which, seeds germination percentage , root and shoot dry weight were 93.55% ,38.86 and 209.85 g , respectively, compared to 65.3% , 18.5 and 145.52 cm, 20.49 and 126.7 g respectively, in present of the pathogen alone. This treatment also showed highest reduction in the infection percentage and disease severity resulting in 21.07% and 0.18 compared to 74.65% and 0.74 ,in present of pathogen alone, respectively. and lead to superior on the productive parameters, such as corn cobs number plant-1 (3.0), corn cob weight (254.84 g) and seeds weight cob-1 (208.12 g) compared to 2.06,143.07 and 113.64 g , respectively, in control (the pathogen alone).
Keywords
charcoal rot disease; Corn; Zea maize; Biological Control; Diathin M; phaseolina; harzianum; subtilis

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