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Study Content of Some Heavy Metals During Stages of Bread making | ||
| Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences | ||
| Article 1, Volume 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 177-186 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hiba A. Ibrahim; Bayan Yaseen AL Abdullah | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Determination of some heavy metals in the samples of wheat grains supplied to silos, the flour collected from Mill, the materials used in breadmaking, during laboratory breadmaking processes and in the local bread types. Lead, cadmium, nickel and copper in the samples of wheat grain supplied to silos in Tikrit, Hajaj and Sharqat were determined. Concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper in the collected samples ranged 0.40-0.81, nd-0.04 and 0.65-0.67 ppm respectively; while nickel concentration in all samples collected from above-mentioned silos were 1 ppm. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel and copper in flour collected from Mill of Al-Akhaa Alahlia/Tikrit, Mill of Tikrit and Mill Al- Wafaa/Baiji were (1.10, 0.63, 1.36), (nd, 0.12, nd), (0.68, 0.56, 0.63) and (0.11, 0.16, 0.28) ppm respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in the materials used in breadmaking (water, fats, improvers, yeast and salt) were (nd-1.27, nd-0.09, 0.04-1.39 and nd-0.57) ppm respectively. While the concentrations of heavy metals during laboratory breadmaking processes in white flour, dough after proof and final product (bread) were (0.23, 0.10, <0.10), (0.06, 0.05, <0.05), (0.70, 0.70, 0.60) and (0.40, 0.35, 0.21) ppm, and in whole wheat flour, dough after proof and final product were (0.45, 0.40, 0.35), (nd, nd, nd), (0.70, 0.65, 0.60) and (0.50, 0.48, 0.33) ppm respectively. The concentrations of above-mentioned heavy metal in local bread types; Bread baked in Gas-oven (al-Ragheef), al-Tunnor bread (al-Ragheef), Hearth al-Sammoon, Electric bread (Flat) and Electric al-Sammoon were (0.30-1.10, 0.05-0.11, 0.60-1.50 and 0.10-0.38) ppm respectively. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Heavy Metals; wheat; flour; bread; atomic absorption | ||
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