Study the effect of some agricultural operations on forming  compacted Layer for  some soils in north of Iraq

Ameer  Sulaiman  Dawood  Alhamdany, Abdul

	Study the effect of some agricultural operations on forming compacted Layer for some soils in north of Iraq
Kufa Journal for Agricultural Science
Article 1, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 216-237
Author
Abdul Ameer Sulaiman Dawood Alhamdany
Abstract
Two sites were selected to study the phenomenon of compaction , College of Agriculture and Forestry in Hammam-Alalil the province of Nineveh and Research Station Srtunk - Dohuk governorate, their being different in the quantity and distribution of rainfall and soil texture . Conducted field studies included drilling a pedon at each site, and calculate the bulk density of soil in addition to the resistance force of the Penetrometer. The laboratory tests have included the distribution of volumetric soil particles , porosity , the limits of stability Consistency, total carbonate CaCO3 and organic matter (O.M) .Observed form the results an increase in the proportion of clay with depth in both locations. Tillage pan in Dahuk characterized with increasing in clay content , but there is no significant difference for the clay content with depth and the relationship of a weak correlation (R2 = 0.22). In Hammam-Alalil the LSD0.05 test appears a significant differences in clay content between Tillage pan and the layers beneath it, but not with tillage layer. The bulk density has increased in both sites compared to the other classes, but did not show significant differences for the bulk density with depth in both locations, and the correlation between them was weak (R2 = 0.025 - 0.028). The values of the limits of consistency were lower in the soil layers of Hammam-Alalil than in Dohuk, and were associated with a very strong relationship with clay content in both locations (R2 = 0.99). The soil resistance to the penetrometer was increased with depth, and without significant differences in both locations. The influence of organic matter was significant moral force of resist machine at both locations, with negative linear regression and strong correlation (R ² = 0.89 - 0.96). In Hammam-Alalil the LSD0.05 test showed a significant differences of Tillage pan with surface layer, while only differed significantly in Dohuk with rest of the Horizens .
Keywords
compaction; Penetration Resistance; Consistency Index; Tillage pan; Soil horizons

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