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Greek History and Illuminism | ||
| Adab Al-Kufa | ||
| Article 1, Volume 1, Issue 5, 2018, Pages 151-203 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hamid Abdul-Hamza Mohammed Ali; Hamza Jaber Sultan | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Abstract In the course of our research, we reached some conclusions that largely express research intent : 1- The Greek history was not dead, it was a live one in all of its stages. 2- The Greek people is interested in the cultural aspects, this is clear through the life history of its citizens and their interest in the different kinds of science and knowledge. 3- The Greek history and culture were based on mix between old cultures with an attempt to make use of past nations' sciences. 4- The Greek culture is widely-spreading, this made unity the most vivid subject in the mind of the Greek. 5- Intellectual correlation with the Eastern cultures is clearly evident in the ancient philosophy of Greece. 6- All sources of study of Greek culture, especially Homer and Hesiod and their expression of legendary spirit, were rooted in the cultures of Nile and Mesopotamia. 7- Freedom was the most prevalent feature of Greek citizen in the period meant in the research. 8- Beginnings of philosophical thoughts and use of the word (philosophy) were in Greece, in spite of the eastern roots in the Greek philosophy. 9- Absence of religious teaching and authority of religion and churchmen opened the way for philosophy and for its first seeds to grow. 10- Greek philosophy emerged in a period when no output was to answer many questions concerning nature and universal phenomena . 11- Developments in the post-contemplation philosophical aspects and attempts to answer the questions that remained unsolved are the results of new mode in the Greek thinking. 12- The organized stage in the Greek thinking through establishing philosophical schools and preparing scientific methodology for philosophical thought. 13- Research in nature and outside words represents what is called naturalists in philosophy. 14- Through sophism, philosophical research in Greece turned towards man's self after being searching in the outside world . 15- Emergence of individualism for the Greek citizen. 16- Through the establishment of Pythagorean school, there appeared an interest in the mathematical aspect. It was included as one source of knowing existence. 17- There appeared tow directions in philosophy: the first is called fluxionism, put by Heraclites, and the second is called substantialism, put by Parmenides. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Greek History | ||
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