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Effect of Parent Materials and Climatic Conditions on Development and Micromorphological Features of Some Soils in Northern Iraq | ||
| Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences | ||
| Article 1, Volume 17, Issue 0, 2017, Pages 36-50 | ||
| Author | ||
| Abdullah A. Rashid | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Three pedons representing rangeland soils, located at northern Iraq ,were selected to evaluate the status of soil development and their micromorphological characteristics .Pedon 1formed from gypsiferous –calcareous parent material and pedon 2 and 3 were formed from calcareous parent material. Soil pedons were morphologicaly described and soil samples were taken from each horizon for some physical, chemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological determination. The results show some differences between the studied pedons.All soils have an ochric epipedon but they have different illuvial horizons,Pedon 1 consists of ochric and gypsic horizons ,while pedon 2 and 3 have an ochric,mollic, calcic and argillic horizons.The results indicate that there are some variations in the content and distribution pattern of most physical and chemical properties of the studied pedons. Pedon 1 show lower clay content in all horizons in comparsion with pedon 2 and 3.Total fine clay and the raito of Fine /Total clay increase in illuvial horizon and decrease with depth. Clay content and the nature of its distribution with depth meet the criteria for the formation of argillic horizon only in pedon 2 and 3.The results of thin section study indicate the presence of secondary gypsum and carbonate minerals with different forms either as single grains or as accumulations filling soil voids or coating voids with the presence of gypsan, calcitan. Few weak ferri- argillans were found around soil peds or in the internal pores surface in Btk horizons of pedon 2 and 3, this may be due to high pedoturbation processes(presence of expanding clays smectites) and biological activity disruption of the clay coating. Clay accumulation index (CI) values were 176 and 333 for p2 and p3 while B/A raitos were 0.87,1.42 and 1.59 for p1,p2 and p3 respectively, which confirm the difference of status of soil development .According to morphological, physical,chemical and micromorphological data soils of pedons 1,2 and 3 were classified as Haplogypsids , Aridic Argixerolls and Vertic Argixerolls respectively. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| soil development; soil micromorphology | ||
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