Al – Sayyd Muhammad  Al- Mujahid Al- Tabaa'tabaeey His Scholastic ( Scientific) And Jihadic Impact ( 1180 A.H – 1242A.H )

Khudhair Al- Amiry, Yas; . Lecturer Shayma, Asst

	Al – Sayyd Muhammad Al- Mujahid Al- Tabaa'tabaeey His Scholastic ( Scientific) And Jihadic Impact ( 1180 A.H – 1242A.H )
KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage
Article 1, Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 25-60
Authors
Yas Khudhair Al- Amiry; Asst . Lecturer Shayma
Abstract
Due to the availability and existence of the holy shrines in it , Karbala city has been of great significance in the Islamic history ; it became a centre of attraction for a great number of scholars and a place of residence for many well- known scholars and scholastic families such as Aa'l Tabaa'taba who descended from Al- Imam Al- Hasan (pbuh) and who got a renowned fame . A great many member of this family have had their impact in the scholastic and scientific movement in Karbala , the most prominent of which was Al – Sayyd Muhammad Al- Mujahid Al- Tabaa'tabaeey born in Karbala in 1180 A.H – 1766A.D ; he went back to a well- known scholastic family , which contributed much to his scholastic bringing up . He started his way in the scholastic Hawza and continued his way till he got the degree of Ijtihad and giving Fatwas . Due to his great knowledge , he had his remarkable impact and imprint on the teaching and scholastic movement ; that was clearly seen in the great majority of his writings on jurisprudence and its principles and rudiments . Due to his humane virtues , Al – Sayyd Muhammad Al- Mujahid Al- Tabaa'tabaeey was part of the problematic situation of his age ; The attack of the Wahabbies on Karbala in 1216 A.H. – 1801 A.D and the robbery of the properties and possessions of Imam Husain's ( pbuh) holy shrine and burning it in addition to killing the religious scholars had a great negative effect on him . He was forced to leave Karbala and headed to Karmanshah ( in Iran) to seek and ask for the help of the shah of Iran to protect the holy shrine and also to keep the social and religious status of his father as a great 'Marji' in Karbala . He , then , went to Asfahan ( in Iran) and settled down at it and taught there and also he was busy in composing and writing books until his father's death in 1231 A.H – 1816 A.D. He then came back to Karbala and got a remarkable position and social status as he became the 'Marji' for all the Shiite Imamate followers all over the Islamic world; that obliged him to protect and defend the Muslims against any foreign attack . He , therefore , defended the Iranian villages and towns against the Russian attack as he issued the Jihad Fatwa in addition to his participation in the Jihad . Accordingly , he was denominated as Al- Mujahid . He achieved victory on the Russians but he then died because of the treason by the Qajary army ; he died in Qizween when he was on his way to Iraq because of that treason in 1242 A.H – 1827 A.D . His corpse was sent back to Karbala as he was buried between the two shrines and his grave is still there . Beside his grave, a school building was built which carried his name but was then demolished and destructed in 1400 A.H. – 1980 A.D. due to the enlargement and extension of the area between the two holy shrines .

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