Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among kindergarten children aged (4-5) years old in Karbala city / Iraq

MSc, B.D.S.; Dhuha M. Hassan, Dr.; M.Sc,; Baydaa Hussien, Dr.; B.D.S,

	Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among kindergarten children aged (4-5) years old in Karbala city / Iraq
MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL
Article 1, Volume 14, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 72-79
Authors
B.D.S. MSc; Dr. Dhuha M. Hassan; ; Dr. Baydaa Hussien;
Abstract
Back ground: Dental caries and periodontal disease were the most common and widely spread diseases affecting children. The nutrition may be one of the factors affecting the severity of the oral diseases. The Aims of this study was the assessment of the following oral diseases (dental caries, gingivitis) in addition to assessment of oral hygiene among 4-5 years old children in Karbala city –Iraq. Furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral diseases. Materials and methods: A sample of 658 children (350 males, 308 females) aged four and five years old was selected randomly from the fourteenth kindergartens in Karbala city. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries was followed the criteria of WHO 1987. Dental plaque was assessed using plaque index of Silness and Loe, 1964. Gingival health condition was assessed using gingival index of Loe and Silness, 1963. The assessment of nutritional status was performed using anthropometric measurement (height and weight) according to Body mass index indicator with -2SD cutoff point. Results: Caries prevalence was found to be (83%) of the total sample the mean rank value of dmfs was higher among boys in comparison to girls with statistically no significant difference (P>0.05). The value of dmfs increased with age with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01).The mean rank values of dental plaque and gingival indices for total boys were found to be higher than total girls with statistically highly significant differences (P<0.01). Recording of this study demonstrated that 100% of children had dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Positive highly significant correlations were recorded between dental caries with dental plaque and gingival indices. The prevalence of malnutrition described by Body mass index indicator was (3.2%). According to nutritional status indicator Body mass index-for-age, it was found that the wasted children had higher value of dmfs than well nourished children with statistically no significant differences (P>0.05). The plaque and gingival indices were higher among well nourished children than among wasted children with statistically highly significant differences (P<0.01).The correlation coefficient between body mass index with dental caries, plaque index and gingival index were very weak and statistically not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: High prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was recorded indicating the need of public and preventive programs among kindergarten children.
Keywords
Key Words; periodontal disease; gingivitis and nutrition

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