- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Detection of Tetracycline Resistant Gen (tet K, tet M ) in Some Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Different Clinical Sources In Erbil City | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science | ||
| Article 5, Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 11-20 PDF (491.05 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37652/juaps.2016.132437 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Khadija Kh. Barzani* 1; Zheen A. Abdullah2; Soma P. Hydaeat2; Asia S. Moohamad2 | ||
| 1University of Salah-alddin - Education Collage | ||
| 2University of Salahaddin - College of Education | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Thirty two isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci was isolated and identified from clinical sources ; including eight isolates (12.5%) of each of Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus from (64) patients urine which suffering from urinary tract infection and eight isolates (16%) of each of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus auricularis from (50) ear patients which suffering from otitis in Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil city were isolated depending on Vitek 2 compact system . The susceptibility tests by using disc diffusion agar method were determined for all isolated coagulase negative Staphylococci to 10 different antibiotics . From obtained results it was observed that all isolates were 100% sensitive to ceftriaxone and novobiocin, while higher resistance was obtained to tetracycline with percentage 50% and they showed differnt resistant to other remaining antibiotics. On the other hand, all isolated Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus , Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus auricularis isolates were tested for tetracycline resistant genes tetK and tetM by using PCR and the results showed that 75% of Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were carried tetM gene with product size about 158 bp while 50% of Staphylococcus auricularis was carried the above mentioned gen . Also it was found that 50% of Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates in this study were harboring tetK gene with product size 360 bp and no tetK gene was observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus auricularis . Also the antibacterial effect of two local species of menthes against resistant isolated bacteria by using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method were studied . The results showed that the MIC for aqueous extract for both plants Mentha longifolia and Mentha piperita were 1600µg/ml and it were 1400µg/ml for alcoholic extract of both plants against most Staphylococcus speciese except Staphylococcus epidermidis which the MIC was 1200 µg/ml for aqueous and 1000µg/ml for alcoholic extract of Mentha piperita, while it was 1200µg/ml for both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts for Mentha longifolia. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Staphylococcus; Antibiotic resistance; tetK; tetM; Mentha longifolia and Mentha piperita | ||
| References | ||
|
1- Jawetz, M.; Melnick and Adelberg, S. (2016). Medical Microbiology. 26th ed. McGraw-Hill Company Inc., New York, Sanfrancisco, Lisbon, London.
2- Jiang, S.; Zheng, B.; Ding, W. ; Lv, L. ; Ji, J. ; Zhang, H. ; Xioa, Y. and Li, L. 2012. Whole-Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus hominis, an opportunistic pathogen. Journal of Bacteriology. 194(17): 4761–4762.
3- Piette, A. and Verschraegen, G.(2009). Role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human disease. Veterinary. Microbiology. 134: 45–54.
4- Livermore, D.M. (2000). Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci. Int. J.Antimicrob agents, 16(suppl 1): S3-S10.
5- Heilmann C, and Peters G, (2000). Biology and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis. In: Fischetti VA, Novick RP, Ferretti JJ, et al, eds. Gram-positive pathogens. Washington, DC: ASM: 442-449.
6- Cavanagh, J. P.; Hjerde, E.; Holden, M. T. G.; Kahlke, T.; Klingenber, C.; Flaegstad, T.; Parkhill, J.; Bentlet, S. D. and Sollid, J. U. E.( 2014). Whole-genome sequencing reveals clonal expansion of multiresistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in European hospitals. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 69 (11): 1-8.
7- Kim, W.; Chung, T.; Yoo, S.; Lee, S. and Yoo, L. (2012). Autolytic activity and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains with induced vancomycin resistance. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 61: 1428–1434.
8- Hira, V. (2013). Challenges in the prevention of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Sepsis in Neonates. PhD thesis. Erasmus University Rotterdam. Netherlands.
9- Chopra, I. and Roberts, M. (2001). Tetracycline antibiotics: Mode ofaction, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 65(2): 232-60.
10- Levy, S. B.; McMurry, L. M.; Barbosa, T. M.; Burdett, V.; Courvalin, P., Hillen, W.; Roberts, M. C.; Rood, J. I. and Taylor, D. E. (1999). Nomenclature for new tetracycline resistance determinants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 43(6): 1523-4.
11- Roberts, M. C. (2005). Update on acquired tetracycline resistance genes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 245(2): 195-203.
12- Roberts, M. C. (1996). Tetracycline resistance determinants: Mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 19(1): 1-24.
13- Edris, A. E.; Shalaby, A. S.; Fadel, H. M. and Abdel-Wahab, M. A. (2003). Evaluation of a chemotype of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) grown in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. European Food Research and Technology, 218: 74–78.
14- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. (2003). Encyclopaedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs and cosmetics. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
15- Kizil, S.; Nesrin, H. A.; Tolan, V.; Kiling, E. and Yuksel, U. (2010). Mineral content ,essential oil composition and biological activity of two menthe species, (M. piperita L., M. spicata L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15(2): 148-153.
16- Gardiner, P. M. D. (2000). Peppermint (Mentha piperita).The Longwood Herbal Task Force (http://www.mcp.edu/herbal/default.htm) and The Center for Holistic Pediatric Education and Research (http://www.childrenshospital.org/holistic).
17- Benson, A. E. (2005). Microbiological Applications Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. 9th ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, U.S.A.
18- Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. (2011). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational Supplement Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards, CLSI 31- M100-S16.
19- Duran, N.; Ozer , Gulay, B.; Duran, G. ; Onlen, Y. and Demir, C. (2012). Antibiotic resistance genes & susceptibility patterns in staphylococci. Indian J Med Res 135, March, : 389-396.
20- Babpour, E. S.; Angaji, A. and Mahdi, S. A. (2009). Antimicrobial effects of four medicinal plants on dental plaque. J. Med. Plant. Res.
21- Lavinia, V.; Victoria, B.; Mihaela, B.; Adina, B. and Mirela, T. (2012). Emergence of Staphylococcus hominis Strains in General Infections. ARS Medica Tomitana; 2(69).
22- Willemse-Erix, H. F. M.; Jachtenberg, J.; Barutci, H.; Puppels, G. J.; Belkum, A.; Vos, M. C. and Maquelin, K. (2009). Proof of principle for successful characterization of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from skin by use of raman spectroscopy and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microb.48(3):736-740.
23- Abd-Elateef, A. N. (2011). Comparative Study between Local Isolates of Methicillin Sensitive and Resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis. MSc.thesis, Baghdad University, Iraq.
24- Bockstael, K. and Aerschot, V. (2009). Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Central European Journal of Medicine. 4 (2): 141-155.
25- Samaranayake, L.P. (2002). Essential Microbiology for Dentistry. 2nd edition. Harcourt publishers limited. China.
26- Al bayati, F. A. (2009). Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compound from Mentha longifolia L. leaves grown wild in Iraq. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 8:20doi:10.1186/1476-0711.
27- Clark , R. and Menory, R. C. (1980). Environmental effects or peppermint (Mentha piperita). Aust J. Plant Physiology , 7: 685-692.
28- Gruenwald, J.; Brendler T.and Jaenicke, C.( 2000). PDR for herbal medicines. Second Edition. Medical Economics Co., Montvale , N.J.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 555 PDF Download: 304 |
||