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Measuring optimism and pessimism among university students | ||
| Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches | ||
| Article 1, Volume 0, Issue 56, 2018, Pages 547-572 | ||
| Author | ||
| Haydar Kamel Mahdi Al Nasrawi | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Abstract The aimes of this study is to investigate Optimism and Pessimism among university undergraduates including the first and fourth stage students ,the sample of this stoudy contained (326) students ,(166) male and (160) female, The researcher adopted a scale of Dember et al (1889) translated and adjusted to arabic version by Al-Dosoke (2001). The results have shown that students have optimism including the first and fourth stage and no significant difference between the students as far as ncluding the first and fourth study stage and gender, Implications of the results and recommendations for further research are discussed. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| optimism; pessimism | ||
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