- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Prevalence, Extension and Severity of the Gingival Recession in an Adult Population Sample of Sulaimani city– Iraq | ||
| Sulaimani Dental Journal | ||
| Article 6, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 31-37 PDF (318.52 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.17656/sdj.10034 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Aram M. Hamed; Faredoon M. Zardawi; Shokhan A. Karim | ||
| College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Objectives: to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession in an adult population in Sulaimani city – Iraq. Materials and Methods: 627 subjects, males and females were examined at Shorsh teaching hospital - dental center in Sulaimani city to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession. The sample was divided into four age groups, group 1 (20 to 29 years) 232 patients, group 2 (30 to 39 years) 223 patients, group 3 (40 to 49 years) 128 patients and group 4 (above 50 years) 44 patients. A calibrated periodontal probe marked up to 15 mm was employed for measuring the amount of gingival recession from cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin on four surfaces of each tooth - mesial, buccal, distal and lingual. Miller’s classification was used to evaluate the severity of the recession. Results: In this study a total of 249 subjects out of 627 recorded gingival recession. Whereas, 1453 teeth out of 6776 adding up to 2340 sites displayed (≥1 mm) gingival recession. Furthermore, the majority of older age group (≥ 50 years) sample revealed gingival recession (93.2%). Statistically gingival recession among male subjects were non-significantly higher than female subjects 46% against 34.5% respectively, whereas females recorded higher number of teeth and sites affected by gingival recession than males (823 teeth against 630 teeth and 1277 sites against 1063 sites). According to Miller’s classification, class one recession was most prevalent (55%) followed by class III (38.2%). According to age, Class I recessions decreased as age increased, however, Class III and Class IV recessions showed an increasing status as age increased. According to tooth type, mandibular central and lateral incisors showed the highest percentages of gingival recession (23.6% and 19.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of the gingival recession was high among the population examined in this study with a predilection for males. Gingival recession was more prevalent in higher age groups. Furthermore, mandibular central and lateral incisors were the most frequent teeth revealing recession among the total dentition. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Gingival recession; Miller’s classification; prevalence and severity | ||
| References | ||
|
1. Toker H and Ozdemir H. Gingival recession: epidemiology and risk indicators in a university dental hospital in Turkey. Int J Dent Hyg. 2009; 7(2): 115-20.
2. Kassab MM and Cohen RE. The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession. J Am Dent Assoc. (1939); 2003: 134(2):220-5.
3. Tugnait A and Clerehugh V. Gingival recessionits significance and management. J Dent, 2001; 29(6): 381-94.
4. Dilsiz A and Aydin T. Gingival recession associated with orthodontic treatment and root coverage. J Clin Exp Dent. 2010; 2(1): 30-3.
5. Levin L, Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, and Machtei EE. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(11): 2087-92.
6. Marini MG et al. Gingival recession: prevalence, extension and severity in adults. J App Oral Sci. 2004; 12(3): 250-55.
7. Daprile G, Gatto MR, and Checchi L. The evolution of buccal gingival recessions in a student population: a 5year follow-up. J Periodontol. 2007; 78(4): 611-14.
8. Chrysanthakopoulos NA. Gingival recession: prevalence and risk indicators among young greek adults. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014; 6(3): 243.
9. Eke P et al. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res, 2012; 91(10): 914-20.
10. Miller Jr P. A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1985; 5(2): 8.
11. Rajapakse PS, McCracken GI, Gwynnett E, Steen ND, Guentsch A and Heasman PA. Does tooth brushing influence the development and progression of noninflammatory gingival recession? A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2007; 34(12): 1046-61.
12. Albandar J and Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994. J Periodontol. 1999; 70(1): 30-43.
13. O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Crump PP and Allen MF. The incidence of recession in young males: A further study. J Periodontol. 1971; 42(5): 264-67.
14. Vehkalahti M. Occurrence of Gingival Recession in Adults. J Periodontol. 1989; 60(11): 599-603.
15. Sangnes G and Gjermo P. Prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical tooth cleansing procedures. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1976; 4(2): 77-83.
16. Susin C, Haas AN, Oppermann RV, Haugejorden O and Albandar JM.. Gingival recession: epidemiology and risk indicators in a representative urban Brazilian population. J Periodontol. 2004; 75(10): 1377-86.
17. Raetzke R. Periodontal recession--prevalence, significance, causes and therapy. ZWR. 1985 ;94(12): 968, 971-4.
18. Baelum V, Fejerskov O and Karring T. Oral hygiene, gingivitis and periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians. J Periodontal Res. 1986; 21(3): 221-32.
19. Löe H, Ånerud Å and Boysen H. The natural history of periodontal diseases in man: prevalence, severity and extent of gingival recession. J Periodontol. 1992; Jun; 63(6): 489-95.
20. Khocht A, Simon G, Person P and Denepitiya JL. Gingival recession in relation to history of hard toothbrush use. J Periodontol. 1993; Sept, 64(9): 900-05.
21. Geraldo M. Guimarães, Evandro G and Aguiar. Prevalence and type of gingival recession inadults in the city of Divinópolis. Braz J Oral Sci. 2012; 11(3): 357-61.
22. Lindhe J, Okamoto H, Yoneyama T, Haffajee A and Socransky SS. Periodontal loser sites in untreated adult subjects. J Clin Periodontol. 1989; 16: 671-8.
23. Yared KFG, Zenóbio EG and Pacheco WA. Etiologia Multifatorial da Recessão Gengival. Rev Dent Press Ortod Facial. 2006; 11: 45-51.
24. Almeida AL, Madeira LC, Freitas KC, Greghi SL and Pegoraro LF. Cross-sectional evaluation of the presence of gingival recession in individuals with cleft lip and palate. J Periodontol. 2007; 78:29-36.
25. Gornman WJ. Prevalence and etiology of gingival recession, J Periodontol. 1967; 38, (Jul/Aug): 316-22.
26. Martinez-Canut P, Lorca A and Magán R. Smoking and periodontal disease severity. J Clin Periodontol. 1995; Oct, 22(10): 734-49.
27. Watson PJC. Gingival Recession. J Dent. 1984; 12(1): 29-35.
28. Addy M, Mostafa P and Newcombe RG. Dentine hypersensitivity: the distribution of recession, sensitivity and plaque, J Dent. 1987; 15(6): 242-48.
29. van Palenstein Helderman WH, Lembariti BS, van der Weijden GA and van’t Hof MA. Gingival recession and its association with calculus in subjects deprived of prophylactic dental care, J Clin Periodontol. 1998; Feb, 25(2): 106-111.
30. Beck J and Koch G. Characteristics of older adults experiencing periodontal attachment loss as gingival recession or probing depth. J Periodontal Res. 1994.; 29(4): 290-98.
31. Needleman I and Giedrys-Leeper E. The Young Practitioners Guide to Periodontology. The british Sociaty of Periodontology. 2012; 2nd version.
32. Zardawi FM, Aboud NA, Khursheed DA. A retrospective panoramic study for alveolar bone loss among young adults in Sulaimani –Iraq. Sulaimani Dent J. 2014; 1(2): 94-8.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 9 PDF Download: 35 |
||