BASEMENT FAULT REACTIVATION IN THE ZAKHO– SILOPI REGION, IRAQI KURDISTAN – TURKEY BORDER

 Abdulnaby, W., Mahdi, H., Al-Shukri, H., and Numan, N.M.S. (2014a). Stress patterns in northern Iraq and surrounding regions from formal stress inversion of earthquake focal mechanism solutions. Pure and Applied Geophysics 171 (9), 2137–2153.
 Abdulnaby, W., Mahdi, H., Numan, N.M.S., and Al-Shukri, H. (2014b). Seismotectonics of the Bitlis–Zagros fold and thrust belt in northern Iraq and surrounding regions from moment tensor analysis. Pure and Applied Geophysics 171 (7), 1237–1250.
 Abdunaser, K.M. (2015). Satellite Imagery for Structural Geological Interpretation in Western Sirt Basin, Libya: Implication for Petroleum Exploration. Geosciences 5 (1), 8-25.
 Alavi, M. (1994). Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: New data and interpretations. Tectonophysics 229, 211-238.
 Alavi, M. (2004). Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science 304, 1–20.
 Alavi, M. (2007). Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran. American Journal of Science 307, 1064–1095.
 Al-Daghastani, H.S., and Daood, M.T. (2005). Correlation between seismic activity and tectonic elements in Nineveh governorate. Iraqi Journal of Earth science 5 (2), l-8.
 Ali, M.Y., Watts, A.B., and Farid, A. (2013). Gravity anomalies of the United Arab Emirates: Implications for basement structures and infra-Cambrian salt distribution. GeoArabia 18 (4), 49-80.
 Allen, M., Jackson, J., and Walker, R. (2004). Late Cenozoic reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and the comparison of short-term and long-term deformation rates. Tectonics 23, TC2008, doi:10.1029/2003TC001530.
 Allen, M.B., Saville, C., Blanc, E.J-P., et al. (2013). Orogenic plateau growth: Expansion of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau across the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt. Tectonics 32 (2), 171–190.
 Almeida-Filho, R., Rossetti, D.F., Miranda, F.P., et al. (2009). Quaternary reactivation of a basement structure in the Barreirinhas Basin, Brazilian. Quaternary Research 72 (1), 103-110.
 Alridha, N.A., Baqir, R.A., and Hamid, A.R. (2012). Seismicity and seismotectonic study for Altunkopri dam site north Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science 53 (3), 595-601.
 Alsinawi, S.A. (2002). Seismicity, seismotectonics, crustal structure and attenuation data on Iraq. RELEMR Meetings, Antakya, Turkey.
 Alsinawi, S.A., and Issa, A.A. (1986). Seismicity and seismotectonics of Iraq. Journal of the Geological Society of Iraq 19 (2), 39-59.
 Ambraseys, N.N., Melville, C.P., and Adams, R.D. (1994). The seismicity of Egypt, Arabia, and the Red Sea: a historical review. Cambridge University, London.
 Authemayou, C., Bellier, O., Chardon, D., et al. (2009). Quaternary slip-rates of the Kazerun and the Main Recent Faults: active strike-slip partitioning in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt. Geophysical Journal International 178 (1), 524–540.
 Bahroudi, A. (2003). The effect of mechanical characteristics of basal decollement and basement structures on deformation of the Zagros basin. PhD Thesis, Uppsala University, 43 p.
 Berberian, M. (1981). Active faulting and tectonics of Iran. In: Gupta, H.K., Delany, F.M. (eds), Zagros Hindu Kush Himalaya Geodynamic Evolution. American Geophysical Union, Washington, Geodynamics Series 3, 33 – 69.
 Bernardi, F., Lauciani, V., Lomax, A., et al. (2014). Performance analysis of the Early-Est software within the tsunami early warning system installed at the INGV. EGU General Assembly, held 27 April - 2 May, 2014 in Vienna, Austria.
 Bondár, I., Myers, S.C., Engdahl, E.R., and Bergman, E.A. (2004). Epicentre accuracy based on seismic network criteria. Geophysical Journal International 156 (3), 483-496.
 Burberry, C.M. (2015). The effect of basement fault reactivation on the Triassic—recent geology of Kurdistan, North Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology 38, 37-58.
 Dawson, J., and Tregoning, P. (2007). Uncertainty analysis of earthquake source parameters determined from InSAR: A simulation study. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (B9), B09406, doi:10.1029/2007JB005209.
 Delvaux, D., and Sperner, B. (2003). Stress tensor inversion from fault kinematic indicators and focal mechanism data: the TENSOR program. In: Nieuwland D, editor. New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 212, 75-100.
 Doski, J.A.H., and McClay, K.R. (2011). Potential hydrocarbon traps in the detachment folds of the Duhok region, Kurdistan, northern Iraq. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #90124, AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, April 10-13, 2011, Houston, Texas.
 Doski, J.A.H., and Mohammad, R.J. (2016). Tectonic analysis of the Shaikhan earthquakes, Kurdistan, northern Iraq. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9 (1), Article 16.
 Dunne, W.M., and Hancock, P.L. (1994). Palaeostress analysis of small-scale brittle structures. In: Hancock, P.L. (ed), Continental Deformation, Pergamon Press, Great Britain, 101-120.
 Edgell, H.S. (1992). Basement tectonics of Saudi Arabia as related to oil field structures. Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics 3, 169-193.
 Fahmi, K.J., Al Salim, M.A.H., and Ayar, B.S. (1986). Recent earthquake activity in the Lesser Zab region of northeastern Iraq. Tectonophysics 131, 89-111.
 Gomez-Capera, A.A., Rovida, A., Gasperini, P., et al. (2015). The determination of earthquake location and magnitude from macroseismic data in Europe. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13 (5), 1249–1280.
 Hancock, P.L. (1985). Brittle microtectonics: principles and practice. Journal of Structural Geology 7, 437-457.
 Hancock, P.L. (1991). Determining contemporary stress directions from neotectonic joint systems. Philosophical Transactions: Physical Sciences and Engineering 337 (1645), 29 – 40.
 Henden, I. (1981). Lineaments map of Turkey from Landsat imagery and selecting target areas for mineral exploration, relationship of regional lineaments to earthquake epicenters, mineral waters and hot spring. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 96, 25-33.
 Henson, F.R.S. (1951). Observations on the geology and petroleum occurrences of the Middle East. 3rd World Petroleum Congress, The Hague, Proceedings 1, 118-140.
 Hessami, K. (2002). Tectonic history and present-day deformation in the Zagros fold-thrust belt. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 700, 13 p.
 Holland, M. (2012). Evaluation of factors influencing transmissivity in fractured hard-rock aquifers of the Limpopo Province. Water SA, International Conference on Groundwater Special Edition 38 (3), 379 – 390.
 Husen, S., and Hardebeck, J.L. (2010). Earthquake location accuracy. Community Online Resource for Statistical Seismicity Analysis, doi:10.5078/corssa-55815573.
 Jackson, J.A., Fitch, T.J., and McKenzie, D.P. (1981). Active thrusting and the evolution of the Zagros fold belt. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 9, 371-379.
 Jacobi, R.D. (2002). Basement faults and seismicity in the Appalachian basin of New York State. Tectonophysics 353, 75-113.
 Jasim, N.A. (2013). Seismicity evaluation of central and southern Iraq. MSc thesis, University of Baghdad, 126 p.
 Jassim, S.Z. (2006). Late Precambrian development of the Arabian Plate. In: Jassim, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (eds), Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Czech Republic, 25–31.
 Jassim, S.Z., and Buday, T. (2006a). Tectonic Framework. In: Jassim, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (eds), Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Czech Republic, 45-56.
 Jassim, S.Z., and Buday, T. (2006b). Units of the Unstable Shelf and the Zagros Suture. In: Jassim, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (eds), Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Czech Republic, 71–83.
 Jassim, S.Z., and Buday, T. (2006c). Late Turonian – Danian Megasequence AP9. In: Jassim, S.Z., Goff, J.C. (eds), Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Czech Republic, 141–154.
 Jassim, S.Z., and Goff, J.C. (2006). Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Czech Republic, 341 p.
 Kent, W.N. (2010). Structures of the Kirkuk embayment, northern lraq: Foreland structures or Zagros fold belt structures?. GeoArabia 15 (4), 147-188.
 Ketin, I. (1966). Tectonic Units of Anatolia (Asia Minor). Bulletin of the Mineral Research Exploration, Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition 66, 23-34.
 La Pointe, P.R., Cladouhos, T., and Follin, S. (1999). Calculation of displacements on fractures intersecting canisters induced by earthquakes: Aberg, Beberg and Ceberg examples. Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, SKB TR-99-03, 103 p.
 Lattman, L.H. (1958). Technique of mapping geologic fracture traces and lineaments on aerial photographs: Photogrammetric Engineering 24 (4), 568-576.
 Mandl, G. (2005). Rock joints, the mechanical genesis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 221 p. 
 McClusky, S., Balassanian, S., Barka, A., et al. (2000). Global positioning system constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (B3), 5695-5719.
 McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., et al. (2003). GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophysical Journal International 155 (1), 126–138.
 Medina, F., and El Alami, S.O. (2006). Focal Mechanisms and state of stress in the Al Hoceima area (Central Rif, Morocco). Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, section Sciences de la Terre 28, 19-30.
 Mohammad, R.J. (1998). The Earthquake of Dohuk 1997. Journal of Dohuk University 1 (2), 23-29.
 Mostafazadeh, M., Alptekin, O., and Oncel, A.O. (2000). Body waveform modeling of five moderately earthquakes in the Zagros fold thrust belt. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering 2 (3), 1 – 10.
 Nowroozi, A.A. (1995). On association of seismic lineaments and stress patterns of the southeastern United States: Criteria of failure. International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Volume II, Paper No. 9.02, 619 – 625.
 Numan, N.M.S. (1997). A plate tectonic scenario for the Phanerozoic succession in Iraq. Iraqi Geological Journal 30 (2), 85 – 110.
 Numan, N.M.S. (2000). Major Cretaceous tectonic events in Iraq. Rafidain Journal of science 11 (3), 32 – 52.
 Numan, N.M.S. (2001). Cretaceous and Tertiary Alpine subductional history in northern Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Earth Science 1 (2), 59 - 74.
 Numan, N.M.S., and Al-Azzawi, N.K.B. (1993). Structural and geotectonic interpretation of vergence directions of anticlines in the foreland folds of Iraq. Abhath Al-Yarmouk, Yarmouk University, Pure Science and Engineering Series 2, 57–73.
 Numan, N.M.S., and Bakose, G.Y.B. (1997). Lineaments: questions on the veracity of their relationships in the western and southern deserts of Iraq. ITC Journal 1 (1), 41 - 48.
 Okay, A.I. (2008). Geology of Turkey: A synopsis. Anschnitt 21, 19-42.
 Oros, E. (2013). Analysis of two earthquake sequences occurred in 2012 in the Timisoara area, Romania. Romanian Journal of Physics 58, 970-986.
 Phelps, G.A., Schmidt, K.M., and Barall, M. (2015). Comparison of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damage to mapped lineaments along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Geosphere 11 (2), 342-353.
 Plafker, G. (1964). Oriented Lakes and Lineaments of Northeastern Bolivia. GSA Bulletin75 (6), 503-522.
 Pollard, D.D., and Aydin, A. (1988). Progress in understanding jointing over the past century. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, 1181-1204. 
 Presti, D., Billi, A., Orecchio, B., et al. (2013). Earthquake focal mechanisms, seismogenic stress, and seismotectonics of the Calabrian Arc, Italy. Tectonophysics 602, 153–175.
 Sander, P. (2007). Lineaments in groundwater exploration: a review of applications and limitations. Hydrogeology Journal 15 (1), 71-74.
 Saravanavel, J., and Ramasamy, S.M. (2014). GIS based 3D visualization of subsurface and surface lineaments / faults and their geological significance, northern Tamil Nadu, India. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (1), 469-476.
 Sasaki, S., and Kaieda, H. (2002). Determination of Stress State from Focal Mechanisms of Microseismic Events Induced During Hydraulic Injection at the Hijiori Hot Dry Rock Site. Pure and Applied Geophysics 159 (1), 489–516.
 Seber, D., Steer, D., Sandvol, E., et al. (2000). Design and development of information systems for the geosciences: An application to the Middle East. GeoArabia 5 (2), 295 – 322.
 Sharland, P.R., Archer, R., Casey, D.M., et al. (2001). Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy. GeoArabia Special Publication 2, Gulf Petrolink, Bahrain, 371 p.
 Singh, V.P., and Singh, R.P. (2005). Changes in stress pattern around epicentral region of Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001. Geophysical Research Letters 32 (24), L24309, doi:10.1029/2005GL023912.
 Singhal, B.B.S., and Gupta, R.P. (2010). Applied hydrogeology of fractured rocks, Second Edition, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 420 p.
 Sissakian, V.K., Al-Ansari, N., and Knutsson, S. (2014). Origin of some transversal linear features of NE-SW trend in Iraq, and their geological characters. Natural Science 6, 996 - 1011.
 Snoke, J.A. (2003). FOCMEC: FOcal MEChanism determinations. In: Lee WHK, Kanamori H, Jennings P, Kisslinger C, editors. International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology 85.12, Academic Press.
 Snoke, J.A., Munsey, J.W., Teague, A.G., and Bollinger, G.A. (1984). A program for focal mechanism determination by combined use of polarity and SV-P amplitude ratio data. Earthquake notes 55, 15.
 Stearns, D.W. (1968). Certain aspects of fracture in naturally deformed rocks. In R.E. Rieker, ed., NSF advanced science seminar in rock mechanics, Bedford, Cambridge Research Laboratories, 97–118. 
 Stefouli, M., Angellopoulos, A., Perantonis, S., et al. (1996). Integrated analysis and use of remotely sensed data for the seismic risk assessment of the southwest Peloponessus Greece. First congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society, Athens, Greece, 23-27.
 Talebian, M., Jackson, J., 2002. Offset on the Main Recent Fault of NW Iran and implications for the late Cenozoic tectonics of the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. Geophysical Journal International 150 (2), 422-439.
 Talukdar, P., and Barman, N.C. (2012). Seismic Activity and Seismotectonic Correlation with Reference to Northeast India. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 2 (2), 24-29.
 Thannoun, R.G. (2013). Automatic extraction and geospatial analysis of lineaments and their tectonic significance in some areas of northern Iraq using remote sensing techniques and GIS. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering 2 (2), 1-11.
 Vlastos, S., Papadimitriou, E., Papazachos, C., and and Karakostas, V. (2002). Determination of seismic lineaments in the Aegean area and deformation velocities. Eleventh General Assembly of the Wegener Project, Athens, Greece.
 von Wissmann, H., Rathjens, C., and Kossmat, F. (1943). Beiträge zur Tektonik Arabiens. Geologische Rundschau 33 (4), 221 – 353.
 Wilson, R.W., Holdsworth, R.E., Wild, L.E., et al. (2010). Basement-influenced rifting and basin development: a reappraisal of post-Caledonian faulting patterns from the North Coast Transfer Zone, Scotland. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 335, 795-826.
 Witthuhn-Rolf, K.M. (1997). A structural analysis of the Midcontinent Rift in Michigan and Minnesota. Geological Society of America Special Papers 312, 97-113.
 Yang, W., Hauksson, E., and Shearer, P.M. (2012). Computing a large refined catalog of focal mechanisms for southern California (1981–2010): Temporal stability of the style of faulting. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 102 (3), 1179–1194.
 Zoback, M.D. (2007). Reservoir geomechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 449 p.