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Psychological weaning, optimism and pessimism among university students | ||
| ZANCO Journal of Humanity Sciences | ||
| Article 20, Volume 22, Issue 5, 2018, Pages 300-308 PDF (1.4 M) | ||
| Authors | ||
| sanaa taher saleh; Yousif Hama Salih Mustafa | ||
| Ministry of higher education & Scientific Research Salahaddin University – Erbil | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The present study is intended to recognize the two figures of psychological weaning (father figure and mother figure), optimism and pessimism level among university students. Moreover, this study is aimed at determining the differences between the two figures of psychological weaning, optimism and pessimism according to gender, specialization and studying level and to recognize the nature of the relationship between these variables. The problem of the current study lies in the delay of psychological weaning, which might result in negative characteristics in the individual’s personality regarding dependence and childish psychological attachment that subsequently forms shy, submissive, dependent and selfish individuals who evade from incurring the responsibilities of life. This is in addition to obstruction of pessimistic strands, happiness, individuals’ psychological health, optimism and its positive influence on the psychological and physical health. The importance of this research is clarification of the relation of psychological weaning, optimism and pessimism with many other variables, such as psychological independence, social and psychological adjustment, neuroticism, extraversion, other and self-assessment, psychological isolation, anxiety, physical and psychological health. This research included of (440) students of both genders. The psychological weaning measurement which was prepared by the researcher and al-ansariScale 2002 measurements were used to measure psychological weaning, measure optimism and pessimism. Later on, the researcher made sure of the psychometric characteristics by extracting the face validity, translation validity, and reliability and discrimination power of all the items of both the scales and relationship of each section to the total degree of the scales. Mean, derivation, Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient, Eta correlation Spearman-Brown Spilt Half, T-test for one sample and T-test for two independent samples were used to perform statistical analysis of the data of this research. | ||
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