Prevalence of Mobile Phone Addiction among Students in Institute Technical of Kut

Naser Abed, Sameeha; Kamel Abd, Rawaa; Dawood Salim, Israa; Razzaq Jamal, Nadia Abdul

doi:10.33899/mjn.2017.160048

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Prevalence of Mobile Phone Addiction among Students in Institute Technical of Kut

Mosul Journal of Nursing

Article 1, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 33-38 PDF (497.58 K)

Document Type: Original Articles

DOI: 10.33899/mjn.2017.160048

Authors

Sameeha Naser Abed¹; Rawaa Kamel Abd²; Israa Dawood Salim³; Nadia Abdul Razzaq Jamal⁴

¹Master Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Kut. [email protected]

²Master Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Kut

³Master Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Hilla

⁴Master Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Mosul .

Abstract

Background and aim: The mobile phones have considerably the new epidemic of this century .It is a two edge sword, it has both the positive and negative consequences. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among students in institute technical of Kut, and also to determine significant demographic associations.
Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 380 randomly selected students. A survey was carried out in the 1st of April to the 1st of July 2017. Data analysis by using the Minitab, version 18.
Results: About 66% of the students were females. The overall prevalence of mobile phone addiction was 60% in studying students (35.37% among male and 64.63% among female), with large increases in both sexes aged less or equal twenty years (59.21%). There is no significant relationship between gender and demographic characteristics and there was no any significant relationship between demographic factors ) gender, residence, marital status, and employment status) with mobile phone addiction, while was a significant association between mobile phone addiction and age groups.
Conclusions: Overall female had more effects of mobile phone usage compared to male. Statistically significant difference was also observed for mobile phone addiction and age groups. There is a no significant relationship between demographic factors, gender, residence, marital status, and employment status with mobile phone use.
Recommendations: The recommendations of the present study are necessary to develop a mobile phone addiction preventive measure and controlling the mobile phone use. In addition to implementing effective education and intervention strategies such as behavior modification, the promotion of healthier free-time activities, and providing a healthy living environment around youths. Counseling programs are recommended for raising awareness of families concerning mobile phone use.

Keywords

Addiction; Mobile phones; Health awareness

Full Text

PREVALENCE OF MOBILE PHONE ADDICTION AMONG

STUDENTS IN INSTITUTE TECHNICAL OF KUT

Sameeha Naser Abed^{([1]) Rawaa Kamel Abd^([2]) , Israa Dawood Salim^([3]) , Nadia Abdul Razzaq Jamal^([4])}

([1]) MSc Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Kut. [email protected].

([2]) MSc Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Kut.

([3]) MSc Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Hilla.

([4])MSc Community Health Tech. in institute technical of Mosul.

ABSTRACT

Background and aim: The mobile phones have considerably the new epidemic of this century. It is a two-edged sword, it has both positive and negative consequences. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among students in the institute technical of Kut and also to determine significant demographic associations.

Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 380 randomly selected students. A survey was carried out on the 1st of April to the 1st of July 2017. Data analysis by using the Minitab, version 18.

Results: About 66% of the students were females. The overall prevalence of mobile phone addiction was 60% in studying students (35.37% among males and 64.63% among females), with large increases in both sexes aged less or equal twenty years (59.21%). There is no significant relationship between gender and demographic characteristics and there was not any significant relationship between demographic factors) gender, residence, marital status, and employment status) with mobile phone addiction, while was a significant association between mobile phone addiction and age groups.

Conclusions: The overall female had more effects of mobile phone usage compared to males. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed for mobile phone addiction and age groups. There is no significant relationship between demographic factors, gender, residence, marital status, and employment status with mobile phone use.

Recommendations: The recommendations of the present study are necessary to develop a mobile phone addiction preventive measure and controlling the mobile phone use. In addition to implementing effective education and intervention strategies such as behavior modification, the promotion of healthier free-time activities, and providing a healthy living environment around youths. Counseling programs are recommended for raising awareness of families concerning mobile phone use.

Keywords: Addiction, Mobile phones, Health awareness

INTRODUCTION

Worldwide, technology especially the mobile phone has considerably the new epidemic of this century (Mihir et. al., 2016). It has become an essential part of the modern community and necessities in the people’s lifestyle over the past decade(Alderso, 2012; Sudhen,2014) and gained unparalleled fame(Addo, 2013) because it facilitates communication between individuals, and shortening Distances, a good investment of time. Also, it includes a wide spectrum of social activities (Abu-Jedy, 2008). The mobile phone is a two-edged sword, it has both positive and negative consequences (Billiexet. al., 2008; Ahmed et. al, 2011). Excessive mobile phone use tends to lead to the creation of a non-chemical addiction, most commonly known as "mobile phone addiction" (Suleimanet. al., 2015). The highest consumer of such devices is the youth (Pundiret. al,2016) which a vulnerable group (Ranjan, 2014) particularly students (McCarty, 2015). Despite mobile phone importance, numerous studies have focused on college students because of the negative impact of addiction to mobile devices of psychological, social, and academic performance (Jiaoet.al., 2015). Furthermore, emotional, financial, physical problems (Hanumanapuraet. al., 2016). Thus, the first objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among students in the institute technical of Kut. The second objective was to determine significant demographic associations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A survey was conducted, to determine the prevalence of mobile phone addiction among students, this study was conducted as a descriptive study (cross-section study). The study was carried out for a period of 4 months from the 1st of April to the 1st of July 2017. A random sampling method was conducted on a calculated sample of 600 students, A random sampling method was conducted on a calculated sample of 600 students, with a response rate of 63.33%, Therefore, the further analysis is for the 380 students male and 250 female) who were studying in 1st and 2nd year in institute technical of kut in Wassit governorate was one of the formations Central Technical University. It is situated in the south of the center of Kut in the Wassit governorate. Who was studying in 1st and 2rdyear in institute technical of Kut in Wassit Governorate was one of the formations Central Technical University. It is situated in the south of the center of Kut in the Wassit governorate. All students were above 18 years of age, of both genders, studying in 1st and 2nd in institute technical in Kut in Wassit governorate, and who agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire was a self-rating questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The first part of the questionnaire is consisting of the socio-demographic data this includes questions on basic socioeconomic characteristics (age, gender, marital status,

RESULTS

living status, employment status, number of members in the family, place of residence, and type of dwelling. The second part was containing close-ended questions regarding mobile phone addiction. The level of mobile phone addiction among the students was determined by using the Mobile phone addiction questionnaire prepared by the researchers with the help of the expert’s panel that consists of 20 negative items. All questions were in 4-point Likert-scale, with answers being scored as follows: 1 refers to never and 2 refer to rarely, 3 refer to occasionally, and 4 refer to always. Then summed to provide a quantitative overall mobile phone addiction score in this 4-points scale varied, the minimum score is 20, the maximum is 80, and the Medium=50. The score from 20-49 is regarded as non-addicts, from 50-80 as Addicts. After obtaining verbal permission from institute technical of Kut in Wassit governorate and verbal approvals from the students, the purpose of the study was explained to the students, and students who willed to take part were included in the study. At the end of the survey, the data were analyzed using the Minitab, version 18. Descriptive and Chi-square test were used in the data analysis. A Chi-square test was applied for quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The difference would be said to be significant when p-value <0.05.

Table 1. Table-1: Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population

Variables	Groups	Frequencies and Percent	Gender		Total	P-value
Variables	Groups	Frequencies and Percent	Male	Female	Total	P-value
Age group	≤ 20	Frequency	74	151	225	0.513
	≤ 20	%Groups	56.92	60.40	59.21
	>20	Frequency	56	99	155
	>20	%Groups	43.08	39.60	40.79
	Total	Frequency	130	250	380
	Total	%Groups	100.00	100.00	100.00
Employment status	Employment	Frequency	10	23	33	0.621
	Employment	%Groups	7.69	9.20	8.68
	Unemployment	Frequency	120	227	347
	Unemployment	%Groups	92.31	90.80	91.32
	Total	Frequency	130	250	380
	Total	%Groups	100.00	100.00	100.00
Residence	Urban	Frequency	104	189	293	0.333
	Urban	%Groups	80.00	75.60	77.11
	Rural	Frequency	26	61	87
	Rural	%Groups	20.00	24.40	22.89
	Total	Frequency	130	250	380
	Total	%Groups	100.00	100.00	100.00
Marital status	Single	Frequency	100	215	315	0.067
	Single	%Groups	76.92	86.00	82.89
	Married	Frequency	25	27	52
	Married	%Groups	19.23	10.80	13.68
	Others	Frequency	5	8	13
	Others	%Groups	3.85	3.20	3.42
	Total	Frequency	130	250	380
	Total	%Groups	100.00	100.00	100.00

Table (2): Demographical characteristics and participant students and mobile phone addiction category

Variables	Groups		Frequencies and Percent	mobile phone addiction level			Total	P-value
				Non-addicts	Addicts
Age group	≤ 20		Frequency	77	148	225		0.008
			%Groups	50.99	64.63	59.21
	>20		Frequency	74	81	155
			%Groups	49.01	35.37	40.79
	Total		Frequency	151	229	380
			%Groups	100.00	100.00	100.00
Gender	Male	Frequency		49	81	130		0.557
		%Groups		32.45	35.37	34.21
	Female	Frequency		102	148	250
		%Groups		67.55	64.63	65.79
	Total	Frequency		151	229	380
		%Groups		100.00	100.00 x	100.00
Residence	Urban	Frequency		111	182	293		0.176
		%Groups		73.51	79.48	77.11
	Rural	Frequency		40	47	87
		%Groups		26.49	20.52	22.89
	Total	Frequency		151	229	380
		%Groups		100.00	100.00	100.00
Marital status	Single	Frequency		126	189	315		0.067
		%Groups		83.44	82.53	82.89
	Married	Frequency		23	29	52
		%Groups		15.23	12.66	13.68
	Others	Frequency		2	11	13
		%Groups		1.32	4.80	3.42
	Total	Frequency		151	229	380
		%Groups		100.00	100.00	100.00
Employment status	Employment	Frequency		18	15	33		0.069
		%Groups		11.92	6.55	8.68
	Unemployment	Frequency		133	214	347
		%Groups		88.08	93.45	91.32
	Total	Frequency		151	229	380
		%Groups		100.00	100.00	100.00

DISCUSSION

Observing figure (1) is presenting the percentages of both sexes, out of a total of 380 students, 250 were female, and 130 were male students. The comparison of mobile phone addiction level in students is shown in figure (2).

Table (1) presents demographic characteristics such as gender, age, employment status, marital status, and residence. This table consisted of 380 students (34% males and 66% females). Most of the student's age ≤ 20 years, which is the common age for students doing the Diploma. The number of such students was 225 while over 20 years of age were 155 out of the 380. It could be noted from the following table that the highest frequency is of the students were unemployment that is 347 out of a total of 380 students. It could be seen in the following table that the majority of the students were residing in an urban area that is around 77%. 82.89% of the respondents were single. Overall, according to the results of the study, there is no significant relationship between gender and demographic characteristics. A comparison of social, demographic characteristics of study participants is shown in Table 2. Out of a total of 380 students, 60% were addicts and 40% were not addicts’ students. In both, groups, half (50.99% known addicts and 64.63% addicts) were age ≤ 20 years, and the difference was statistically significant. Both groups were comparable in terms of gender (67.55%non addicts and 64.63% addicts) were female, and the difference was statistically nonsignificant. Area of residence (73.51% known addicts and 79.48% addicts were from an urban area), and the difference was statistically nonsignificant. Marital status (83.44% known addicts and 82.53% addicts were single, and the difference was statistically nonsignificant. The majority of non-addicts’ students were not addicts (88.08%) whereas 93.45% of addict’s students were nonaddicts, and the difference was statistically nonsignificant. The study consisted of 380 students,34% males, and 66% females. The results of this study agree with that of Pundir et. al., 2016 in India, who showed that the majority (62%) were females. The highest percentage of students were at ≤ 20 years (59.21%). These findings agreed with what has been stated by Tripura, 2015 in India, who found that the highest percentages of students were at 17-20 years. The study shows that 91% of students were unemployed, the result goes with the findings obtained by Amidi and Rahmati, 2014 in Iran, who found that 80% of students were unemployed. Regarding residence, the highest percentage of students was urban (77.11%) this finding was agreed with study D. Zalavadiyaet. al. (2016) in India, It is worth mentioning that more than 82.89% of students included in the study were single These findings agreed with what has been stated by Amidi and Rahmati (2014) in Iran, who stated that single comprise 88% of the students.

The prevalence of mobile phone addiction has been 60% in studied students that were higher nearly (20%) than the rate of addiction to mobile phones in Tavakolizadeh’s study results, who reported that only 36.7% of students addicts to mobile phone. This study’s results imply that the female is more likely subject to mobile phone addiction (64.63%). Similar findings were reported by Maurya, 2014 in India, he found that 89% of the student's addict mobile phones were female. But this differs from a study conducted by Amidi and Rahmati (2014) in Iran, who found the prevalence of mobile phone addiction was 56.2% of female students and 64.5% of male students. The highest percentages of the students or 64.63%were from the age group of ≤ 20 years of age. Most of the addict’s students with 83.44% were single, while 15.23% were married, this was comparable to an Iranian study

Tavakolizadeh, (2014), in which it was reported that he found that 78.4% of the addicts’ students were single and 18.9 % were married. A principal finding of this study was a significant association between mobile phone addiction and age groups which these findings are not following study results by Shokouhi, and Nadire (2015), who noted that was no significant association between mobile phone addiction level and age groups. On the other hand, the results suggested that there was not any significant relationship between demographic factors, gender, residence, marital status, and employment status with mobile phone use.

CONCLUSION

The overall female had more effects of mobile phone usage compared to males. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed for mobile phone addiction and age groups. There is a significant no relationship between demographic factors, gender, residence, marital status, and employment status with mobile phone use.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The recommendations of the present study are necessary to develop a mobile phone addiction preventive measure and controlling the mobile phone use. In addition to implementing effective education and interventional strategies such as behavior modification, the promotion of healthier free-time activities, and providing a healthy living environment around youths. Counseling programs are recommended for raising awareness of families concerning mobile phone use.

REFERENCES

Abu-Jedy Amjad. (2008). Mobile Phone Addiction and its Relationship with Self discloser among Sample of Students from the University of Jordan and Amman AlAhliyya University. Jordan Journal of Educational Sciences. 4(2).

Addo Augustine. (2013). The adoption of mobile phones: How has it changed us socially?. Issues in Business Management and Economics. 1(3). P.p.047-060.

Ahmed Ishfaq; Fiaz Tehmina Qazi. (2011). Mobile Phone Adoption and Consumption Patterns of University Students in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2 (9).

Alderso, John n, B.A. (August, 2012). A qualitative analysis of college students' uses of mobile phones for family communication. THESIS San Marcos, Texas

Amidi Maryam Mazaheri, Rahmati Fatemeh Najarkolae (2014). Cell Phone and Internet Addiction among Students Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Journal of Health Policy and Sustainable Health.1 (3). P.p.101-105.

Billie Joe, Vander Martial Linden, and Rochat Lucien. (2008). The Role of Impulsivity in Actual and Problematic Use of the Mobile Phone. Applied cognitive psychology. (Appl. Cognit. Psychol). 22. P.p.1195–1210.

Dipeshkumar Zalavadiya, B. Niravkumar Joshi1, R. Bhavesh Kanabar, R. Jasmin Oza, V. Dhara Thakrar, H. Aarohi. Mitra. (2016)Comparative study of internet addiction between male and female students of a medical college of Gujarat. ScholarsJournal of Applied Medical Sciences(SJAMS). 4(8C). P.p.2936-294.2

Hanumanapura Shyam Rajanna, Kumar Manoj Sharma, Selvan ThamilPalanichamy.(2016). Exploration of technology use patterns among teenagers and its relationship with psychological variables.ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.17 (2).

Jiao Tianyu; Mitchell Nathaniel; Yan Runyu; Yang Xin; Zhong Jingyi. (2015).

Relationships between Mobile- Phone/ Internet Usage and Socioeconomic Development Level. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 5(10,1).

Maurya Parul, Penuli Yogita, Kunwar

Ashutosh, Lalia Hemlata, Negi Anjana Versha, VandanaWilliams Thakur.(2014). Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Psychosocial Wellbeing of Student Nurses. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS). 3(6 ). P.p. 39-42.

McCarty Eserinune MOJAYE. (2015). Mobile Phone usage among Nigerian University students and its impact on teaching and learning. Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences.3 (1) P.p.29-38.

Mihir, Rupani P.; Khushali, Parikh D.; Atul, Trivedi V.; Manindra, Singh P.; Ayushi, Patel; Bhakti, Vadodariya; Bharat, Bhagora; Bhawana, Sharma. (2016). A cross-sectional study on mobile phone involvement among medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital of western India. National Journal of Community Medicine.7(7).

Pundir Prachi, Andrews Teddy, V. S Binu., Kamath Ramachandra. (2016).

Association of problematic mobile phone use with psychological distress and self-esteem among college students in South India: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 3(10). P.p.2841-2849.

Ranjan Jyoti Muduli. (2014). Addiction to Technological Gadgets and Its Impact on Health and Lifestyle: A Study on College Students. (Thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of Master’s Degree in Development Studies).Roll no 412HS1004.

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences National Institute of Technology, Rourkela - 769008 India.

Shokouhi Sahar Tabrizi and Cavus Nadire. (2015). A study to determine if students`smartphone usage status: a case study in near east university. The International Journal of Human, Community, and Technology. 1 (2).

Sudhen K.A. Sumesh Kumar (2014). MSC (N). Mobile phone and adolescents- addiction a mindful check-in. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies. 3 (1). P.p. 4246.

Suleiman Hafidha Al-Barashdi; Bouazza Abdelmajid; and H. Naeema Jabur (2015). Smartphone Addiction among University Undergraduates: A Literature Review. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 4(3). P.p.210-225, ISSN: 23200227.

Tavakolizadeh Jahanshir; Atarodi Alireza; Ahmadpour Siravan; Pourgheisar Amir, Razavi. (2014). The Prevalence of Excessive Mobile Phone Use and its Relation With Mental Health Status and Demographic Factors Among the Students of Gonabad University of Medical

Sciences in 2011 – 2012. Int J Med. 2(1). P.p.e15527.

Tripura T Sundari. (2015). Effects of mobile phone use on academic performance of college-going young adults in India. International Journal of Applied Research.1(9). P.p.898-905.

References

Abdelmajid; and H. Naeema Jabur (2015). Smartphone Addiction among University Undergraduates: A Literature Review. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 4(3). P.p.210-225, ISSN: 2320-0227.

Abu-Jedy Amjad. (2008). Mobile Phone Addiction and its Relationship with Self discloser among Sample of Students from University of Jordan and Amman Al-Ahliyya University. Jordan Journal of Educational Sciences. 4(2).

Addo Augustine. (2013). The adoption of mobile phone: How has it changed us socially? . Issues in Business Management and Economics. 1(3). P.p.047-060.

Ahmed Ishfaq; Fiaz Tehmina Qazi. (2011). Mobile Phone Adoption and Consumption Patterns of University Students in Pakistan . International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2 (9).

Alderso, John n, B.A. (August , 2012) . A qualitative analysis of college students use of mobile phones for family communication. THESIS San Marcos, Texas

Amidi Maryam Mazaheri, Rahmati Fatemeh Najarkolae (2014). Cell Phone and Internet Addiction among Students inIsfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Journal of Health Policy and Sustainable Health.1 (3). P.p.101-105.

Ashutosh, Lalia Hemlata,Negi Anjana Versha, VandanaWilliams Thakur. (2014). Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Psychosocial Wellbeing of Student Nurses . IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS). 3(6 ). P.p. 39-42.

Billiex Joe, Vander Martial Linden and Rochat Lucien. (2008). The Role of Impulsivity in Actual and Problematic Use of the Mobile Phone. Appled cognitive psychology. (Appl. Cognit. Psychol). 22. P.p.1195–1210

D. Dipeshkumar Zalavadiya, B. Niravkumar Joshi1, R. Bhavesh Kanabar, R. Jasmin Oza, V. Dhara Thakrar, H. Aarohi. Mitra. ( 2016 ) Comparative study of internet addiction between male and female students of a medical college of Gujarat. ScholarsJournal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS). 4(8C). P.p.2936-294.2

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences National Institute of Technology, Rourkela - 769008 India.

Hanumanapura Shyam Rajanna, Kumar Manoj Sharma, Selvan Thamil Palanichamy (2016). Exploration of technology use pattern among teenagers and its relationship with psychological variables. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry. 17 (2).

Jiao Tianyu; Mitchell Nathaniel; Yan Runyu; Yang Xin; Zhong Jingyi. (2015). Relationships between Mobile-Phone/Internet Usage and Socioeconomic Development Level. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 5(10,1).

Maurya Parul, Penuli Yogita, Kunwar

McCarty Eserinune MOJAYE. (2015). Mobile Phone usage among Nigerian University students and its impact on teaching and learning. Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences. 3(1). P.p.29-38.

Mihir, Rupani P.; Khushali, Parikh D.; Atul, Trivedi V.; Manindra, Singh P.; Ayushi, Patel; Bhakti, Vadodariya; Bharat, Bhagora; Bhawana, Sharma. (2016). Cross- sectional study on mobile phone involvement among medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital of western India . National Journal of Community Medicine.7(7).

Pundir Prachi, Andrews Teddy, V. S Binu., Kamath Ramachandra. (2016). Association of problematic mobile phone use with psychological distress and self-esteem among college students in South India: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 3(10). P.p.2841-2849.

Ranjan Jyoti Muduli. (2014). Addiction to Technological Gadgets and Its Impact on Health and Lifestyle: A Study on College Students. (Thesis submitted for the partial fulfilment of Master’s Degree in Development Studies).Roll no 412HS1004.

Shokouhi Sahar Tabrizi and Cavus Nadire. (2015). A study to determine of students`smartphone usage status : a case study in near east university. The International Journal of Human, Community and Technology. 1 (2).

Sudhen K.A. Sumesh Kumar (2014). MSC (N). Mobile phone and adolescents- addiction a mindful check in . International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies. 3 (1). P.p. 42-46.

Suleiman Hafidha Al-Barashdi; Bouazza

Tavakolizadeh Jahanshir; Atarodi Alireza; Ahmadpour Siravan; Pourgheisar Amir,Razavi. (2014). The Prevalence of Excessive Mobile Phone Use and its Relation With Mental Health Status and Demographic Factors Among the Students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2011 – 2012. Int J Med. 2(1). P.p.e15527.

Tripura T Sundari. (2015). Effects of mobile phone use on academic performanceof college going young adults in India. International Journal of Applied Research.1(9). P.p.898-905.

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