- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Geochemical Evaluation of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn) in Sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah, Iraq | ||
| Engineering and Technology Journal | ||
| Article 6, Volume 37, 2C, 2019, Pages 237-241 PDF (817.75 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.30684/etj.37.2C.6 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zahraa Z. Al-Janabi1; Shahed R. Zaki2; Jinnan S. AlHassany3; Abdul Hameed M.J. Al-Obaidy4; Eman. S. Awad1; Afrah A. Maktoof5 | ||
| 1Environmental Research Center, University of Technology - Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University - Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University - Iraq. | ||
| 4Environmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq | ||
| 5Biology Department, Science Collage, University of Thi-Qar - Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In this study, the sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah canal, was evaluated to illustrate the distribution of 4 heavy metals Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn in sediments collected from 5 sites. The assessment of heavy metals was conducted using three indices; the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), the enrichment factor (E.F.) and Pollution Index (PI). According to I-geo, the sediments collected from all sampling locations were unpolluted by Cd, Cr and Fe, where their values are less than 0 (<0), except Mn ranged between 0.98 to 1.37, the Igeo values for Mn show that sediments of Shatt Al-Basrah are unpolluted to moderately polluted for all sampling locations. Based on The enrichment factor, the sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah canal are classified as followed; significant enrichment for Cd, moderate enrichment to significant enrichment for Cr and deficiency to minimal enrichment for Mn. PI, which is based on individual metal Concentrations, shows that all sampling sites have no pollution effect for Cd, Cr and Mn, except Fe, which cause Slightly pollution affect in all site. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Heavy metal; accumulation; indices; sediment | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] D. Mendil, Ö.D. Uluözlü, E. Hasdemir, M. Tüzen, H. Sari, M. Suiçmez, “Determination of trace metal levels in seven fish species in lakes in Tokat, Turkey,” Food Chem., Vol. 90, pp. 175–179, 2005. [2] F.Yilmaz, N. Ozdemir, A. Demirak, A.L. Tuna, “Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus,” Food Chem., Vol. 100, pp.830–835, 2007. [3] C.D. Chandam and K. Rolee, “Grain Size Distribution and Its Relation to the Geochemical Parameters in the Chemical and Petrochemical Complex of Vadodara District of Gujarat, India,” International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 7-16, 2015. [4] N.F. Mokhtar, A.Z. Aris, S.M Praveena, “Preliminary stud of heavy metal (Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni) contaminations in Langat River Estuary, Selangor,” Procedia Environmental Sciences, Vol. 30, pp. 285– 290, 2015. [5] A.M. Sheela, J. Letha, S. Josep, J. Thomas, “Assessment of heavy metal contamination in coastal lake sediments associated with urbanization: Southern Kerala, India, Lakes & Reservoirs,” Research and Management, Vol. 17, pp. 97–112, 2012. [6] T. Tomiyasu, A. Nagano, N. Yonehara, H. Sakamoto, O.K. Rifardi, H Akagi, “Mercury contamination in the Yatsushiro Sea, south-western Japan: spatial variations of mercury in sediment,” Sci. Total. Environ., Vol. 257, pp. 121–132, 2000. [7] M.F. Abbas “Ecological study of zooplankton in the Shatt Al-Basrah anal, Basrah-Iraq Mesopot,” J. Mar. Sci., Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 67 -80, 2015. [8] H.K. Hussein, T. Z. Abdul Razzak, M.A. Luay, “Assessment of Water Quality Indices for Shatt AlBasrah River in Basrah City, Iraq,” Eng. & Tech. Journal, Vol. 34, Part (A), No.9, pp. 1804-1822, 2016. [9] N.N.M. Al-Khayat, “Hydrological status of the Shatt Al-Basrah canal and some of their environmental,” J. Coll. Arts. Univ. Basrah, Vol.43, pp. 214- 229, 2007. [10] APHA; WWA and WEF “Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater,” 21st Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 2005. [11] CCME “Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment,” Winnipeg. Publication No., 1299, 2001. [12] B. Maurizio, “The Importance of Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to Evaluate the Soil Contamination Barbieri,” M. J Geol Geophys, Vol. 5, No.1, 2016. [13]J.M. Martin, M. Meybeck, “Elemental MassBalance of Material Carried by Major World Rivers” Marine Chemistry, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 173 -206, 1979. [14] O. Sana`a, “Application of Geoaccumulation Index and Enrichment Factors on the Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution along Irbid/zarqa Highway-Jordan,” Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 1318-1321, 2015. [15] H. Feng, X., Han W.G. Zhang, L.Z. Yu, “A Preliminary Study of Heavy Metal Contamination in Yangtze River In tertidal Zone Due to Urbanization,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 11-12, pp. 910- 915, 2004. [16] I. Cato, “Recent Sedimentological and Geochemical Conditions and Pollution Problems in Two Marine Areas in Southwestern Sweden,” Striae, Vol. 6, pp. 1-150, 1977. [17] K. Choi, S. Kim, G. Hong, H. Chon, “Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of South Korean Harbors,” Environmental Geochemical Health, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 71-82, 2012. [18] S. Sinex, G. Helz, “Regional Geochemistry of Trace Elements in Chesapeak Bay Sediments,” Environmental Geology, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 315-323, 1981. [19] K. Mmolawa, A. Likuku, G. Gaboutloeloe, “Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils along Roadside Areas in Botswana” African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 5, pp. 186-196, 2011. [20]J. A. Enaam, “Evaluation of Surface Water Quality Indices for Heavy Metals of Diyala River-Iraq,” Journal of Natural Sciences Research, Vol.3, No.8, pp. 63-69, 2013. [21] A.H.M.J. Al-Obaidy, Zahraa Z. Al-Janabi and A.A.M. Al-Mashhady, “Distribution of Some Heavy Metals in Sediments and Water in Tigris River,” Journal of Global Ecology and Environment, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 140-146, 2016. [22] H. Hazzeman, J.L. Ley, Z. A. Ahmad, F. M. Nor, A.A. Nur, M.Y. Fatimah, S. Abu Bakar, M.P. Sarva, “Geo-accumulation index and contamination factors of heavy metals (Zn and Pb) in urban river sediment,” Environ Geochem Health, Vol. 39, Issue 6, pp. 1259– 1271, 2017. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 408 PDF Download: 348 |
||