Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)

Frayyeh, Waleed M.; Mohammed, Zainab B.; Mahmood, Abdulkhaleq K.

doi:10.30684/etj.v39i12.789

	Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
Engineering and Technology Journal
Article 24, Volume 39, Issue 12, 2021, Pages 1939-1944 PDF (553.51 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.v39i12.789
Authors
Waleed M. Frayyeh^* ¹; Zainab B. Mohammed²; Abdulkhaleq K. Mahmood³
¹Ministry of Environment, Baghdad, Iraq.
²Civil Engineering Department,University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.
³Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Iraq.
Abstract
This work is an attempt to remove cadmium (II) from wastewater by adsorption on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and functional group of carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) by using the batch process system and continuous reactor. In the batch reactor, the main variables that govern process efficiency such as the initial Cd (II) concentration, MWCNTs dose, contact time, stirring speed, and pH were studied. The experiments revealed that the amount of cadmium absorption (II) was higher on the increasing fMWCNTs dose and stirring speed. In addition, it decreased significantly with a decrease in the initial concentration of cadmium. The optimum values for the ratio of the acidic function in solution 5.5, the absorbent dose (fMWCNTs) 1 g in 100 ml of Cd (II) solution, and the contact time was 30 minutes, in addition to C₀ of 125 mg per liter of the cadmium ion with mixing speed (stirring) 100 rpm, these are the optimum values by which the cadmium ion removal efficiency was obtained for no more than 99%. Equilibrium data were better explained by the Freundlich isotherm model which was converted inside what was achieved with 30 minutes of Cd ^{+ 2}.
Highlights
Functionalized MWCNTs show better dispersibility in water. In addition to its far lower with decreasing of the initial concentration of the cadmium. The optimum pH values was 5.5 ,the dose of adsorbent was 1g functionalized Multi Wall carbon Nanotubes(f-MWCNTs) /100 ml of Cd+2. The Freundlich isotherms model is fitted for Cd(II). The exhaustion time and breakthrough are decreased as initial heavy metal ion molecules concentration increase.
Keywords
MWCNTs; fMWCNTs; cadmium

References
[1] B. M. Amarasinghe, R. A Williams, Tea Waste as a Low Cost Adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from Wastewater, Chem, Eng. J., 32(2007) 299-309. [2] N. R. Axtell, S. P. Sternberg, and K. C. Laussen , Lead and nickel removal using microspora and lemna minor, Bioresour. Technol., 89 (2003) 41-48. [3] S.S. Tahir, R. Naseem, Removal of Cr (III) from Tannery Wastewater by Adsorption onto Bentonite Clay, Separation and Purification Technology, 53 (2007) 312-321. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.08.008. [4] M. Barkat, S. Chegrouche, and A. Mellah, Application of Algerian Bentonite in the Removal of Cadmium (II) and Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solutions, Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology , 4 (2014) 210-226, available: http://www.scirp.org/journal/jsemat. [5] M. Valix, W.H. Cheung, and K. Zhang, Role of hetero atoms in activated carbon for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewaters, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 135 (2006) 395-405, available: [6] www.sciencedirect.com/science/article. [7] S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 354 (1991) 56. [8] S. Anna, K. Pyrzynska, Adsorption of heavy metal ions with carbon nanotubes, Separation and Purification Technology , 58 (2007) 49–52. [9] K. Pyrzynska, Sorption of Cd (II) onto carbon-based materials-a comparative study, Microchim Acta, 169 (2010) 7–13. [10] K. Pyrzynska, Application of carbon sorbents for the concentration and separation of metal ions, Anal Sci, 23(2007) 631. [11] M. A. Atieh, O. Y. Bakather, and B. S. Tawabini, Removal of Chromium (III) from Water by Using Modified and Nonmodified Carbon Nanotubes, Journal of Nanomaterials, (2010) 1-9. [12] G. P. Rao, C. Lu, and F. Su, Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: A review, Separation and Purification Technology, 58 (2007) 224–231. [13] A.A. Abdul Abbas, Removel Of Dye Molecules By Ues Carbon Nanotube &Carbonnanotube Functional Group, MSc. Thesis, Civil Engineering ,University of Technology, Baghdad ,Iraq (2019). [14] M. Grassi, G.Kaykioglu, and V. Belgiorno, Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater by Adsorption Process, New York ,(2012). [15] E.A.Oliveria, S.F. Montanher, and A.D. Andrader, Equilibrium studies for the sorption of chromiumand nickel from aqueous solution using rice bran, Process Biochemistry, 40 (2005) 3485. [16] M.H. Abdul Latif , T. H. Al.Noor, and K. A. Sadiq, Adsorption Study of Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1,2 diylidenebis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(2methoxyphenol)] on Granulated Initiated Calcined Iraqi Montmorillonitevia Columnar Method, Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, 24 (2013) 38-51. [17] N. Saibaba , P. King, Equilibrium And Thermodynamic Studies For Dye Removal Using Biosorption, IMPACT: IJRET, 1(2013) 17-24. [18] Y. S. Ho, G. Mckay, Competitive Sorption of Copper and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Peat, Adsorption, 5 (1999) 409–417. [19] T. H. Al.Noor ,Adsorption Study of Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4, Advances in Physics Theories, 21 (2012) 25-4. [20] Sayed, H. A. Ibrahim, Biosorption of Ni (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto rice straw, Chemical Science Journal, CSJ (2010) 9.
Statistics Article View: 426 PDF Download: 314