Al-Safadi’s approach to resources in his book tuhfat dhwy al'albab fymn hakam bidimashq min alkhulifa' walmuluk walnuwaab

• Ibn Saad, Muhammad bin Manea (D. 230 AH / 844 AD), Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, investigation: Muhammad Abd Al-Qader Atta, 1^st Edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya, Beirut, 1410 AH / 1990 AD.
• Ibn Abi Hatim, Abu Muhammad Abd Al-Rahman bin Muhammad (D. 327 AH / 938 AD), Al-Jareh and Al-Ta’deel, 1st edition, The Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, Deccan. 1271 AH / 1952 AD.

·         Al-Safadi, Salah Al-Deen bin Aybak bin Abdullah, (D. 764 AH / 1362 AD), Tuhfet Thawee Al Albaab Fi Min Hakm Bi Damascus  Min Al Khulaffa Wa Al Milouk Wa Al Nwaab, edited by:  Ihsan bint Saeed Khulusi and Zuhair Humaidan Al-Samsam, Publications of the Ministry of Culture in Damascus, 1991 AD.

·         Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Al-Mughira (D. 256 AH / 869 AD), The Great History, edited by:  Muhammad Abdul Mu’id Khan, The Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, Deccan.

·         Al-Kujarati, Jamal Al-Deen Muhammad Tahir bin Ali, (D. 986 AH / 1578 AD) Majmooh Bihar Al-Anwar fi Gharaib Al-Tanzeel and Lata’if Al-Akhbar, 3rd Edition, Majlis Al Marif Al- ‘Uthmaniyyah Press, 1387 AH / 1967 AD.

·         Muslim, Abu Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Hajjaj (D. 261 AH / 875 AD), nicknames and names, edited by: Abd Al-Raheem Muhammad Ahmad Al-Qashqari, 1st edition, Deanship of Scientific Research at the Islamic University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

·         Al-Hakim Al-Nisaburi, Abu Ahmad Muhammad Ibn Muhammad d (D. 378 AH / 989 AD), names and nicknames, edited by: Yusuf ibn Muhammad Al-Dakheel, 1st edition, Dar Al-Ghuraba Al- Athariyya in Medina, 1994.

·         Ibn Al-Nadim, Abu Al-Faraj Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Muhammad (D. 380 AH / 990 AD), Al-Fihrist, edited by: Ibrahim Ramadan, 2nd edition, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Beirut, 1417 AH / 1997 AD,

·         Al-Qazwini, Zakaria bin Muhammad bin Mahmoud (D. 682 AH / 1283 AD), Athar Al-Bilad Wa Akhbar Al-Abbad, Dar Sader, Beirut, (Bla.T.), p. 491.

·         Al-Bukhari, The Great History, The Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, Deccan, Part 3, p. 191; Ibn Hibban Muhammad bin Ahmad (D. 454 AH / 1062 AD), Al-Thiqat, 1st Edition, Indian Ministry of Higher Education, 1393 AH / 1973 AD.

·         Al-Sabbagh, Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Salem bin Muhammad Al- Maliki Al-Makki, (D. 1321 AH / 1903 AD) Tahseel Al- Maram Fi Akhbaar Al Beit Al Haraam Wa Al Mashaaer Al Idham Wa Mecca Wa Al Harim Wa Wilaateha Al Fekhaam. Edited by: Abdul Malik bin Abdullah bin Dahish, 1424 AH / 2004 AD.

·         Abu Al-Barakat, Kamal Al-Deen Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Ubaid Allah Al-Ansari (D. 577 AH / 1181 AD), Nuzhat al-Alba’ fi Tabaqat Al-Adaba’, edited by: Ibrahim al-Samarrai, 3rd edition, Al-Manar Library, Zarqa, 1405 AH / 1985 AD.

·         Ibn Fandamah, Abu Al-Hassan Daheir Al-Deen Ali bin Zaid bin Muhammad bin Al-Hussein (d. 565 AH / 1169 AD) Al- Bayhaqi History, 1st Edition, Dar Iqra, Damascus 1425 AH / 2004 AD, Part 1, p. 123.

·         Al-Tanukhi, Abu Al-Mahasin Al-Mufaddal bin Muhammad bin Mas’ar (442 AH / 1050 AD), the history of the grammatical scholars  from the Basrans, the Kufis, and others, edited by: Abdel Fattah Muhammad Al-Helou, 2nd edition, Hajer for printing and publishing, Cairo, 1412 AH / 1992 AD.

·         Al-Razi, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad (D. 327 AH / 938 AD), Al-Jarh Wa Al-Ta’deel, 1st Edition, Dar Ihya Al- Turath Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1271 AH / 1952 AD.

·         Ibn Abi Eili, Abu Al-Hussein Muhammad bin Muhammad (D. 526 AH / 1131 AD), Tabaqat Al-Hanabla, edited by: Muhammad Hamid Al-Faqi, Dar Al-Maarifa, Beirut.

·         Ibn Hawqal, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal Al-Nusaibi (d. 367 AH / 977 CE), Sourat Al-Ard, Dar Sader, Beirut, D. T.

• Ibn Al-Mu’taz, Abdullah Ibn Muhammad (296 AH / 908 AD), Tabaqat Al-Shu’ara, edited by: Abd Al-Sattar Ahmad Farraj, 3rd edition, Dar Al-Ma’arif, Cairo.
• Muhammad Akel, The Abbasid State during the Era of the Caliph Al- Mutawakkil Ala Allah, Ekutub, London, 2019,
• Al-Sama’ani, Abd al-Karim bin Muhammad bin Mansour (D. 562 AH / 1166 AD), Al Tajbeer Fi Al Mujam Al Kabeer, edited by: Munira Naji Salem, 1st edition, Presidency of Al Awgaaf Office, Baghdad 1395 AH / 1975.
• Al-Dhahabi, The Balance of Moderation in Criticizing Men, Edited by: Muhammad Ali Al-Bajawi, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Ma'rifah for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1382 AH / 1963 AD.

·         Al-Akfani, Hebat Allah bin Ahmad (D. 524 AH / 1129 AD), the tail of the history of the birth and death of scholars, edited by: Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Salman Al-Hamad, 1st edition, Dar Al-Asima, Riyadh, 1409 AH / 1998 AD, 

·         Ibn Nuqtah, Muhammad bin Abd Al-Ghani (D. 629 AH / 1231 AD), Ikmal Al-Ikmal, edited by: Abd Al-Qayyum Abd Rab Al-Nabi, 1st Edition, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca Al-Mukarramah, 1410 AH / 1999 AD,

·         AL Iraqi Taqi Al-Deen Ibrahim bin Muhammad (D. 641 AH / 1243 AD), elected from the book Al-Siyaq for the history of Nishapur,  edited by: Khaled Haidar, Dar Al-Fiker for printing, publishing and distribution, 1414 AH.

·         Ibn Al-Nadeem, Kamal Al-Deen Omar bin Ahmad bin Hibat Allah (D. 660 AH / 1261 AD) in order to demand a history of Aleppo, edited by: Tasheel Zakkar, Dar Al-Fiker.

·         Ibn Makula, Abu Nasr Ali bin Jaafar (D. 475 AH / 1082 AD), Completion in Raising the Doubt About the Mutaffil and the Different in Names, Nicknames, and Genealogy, 1st edition, Dar  Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1411 AH / 1990 AD.

·         Omar, Ahmed Mukhtar Abd Al-Hameed (D. 1424 AH / 2003 AD), Lexicon of Contemporary Arabic Language, 1st edition, Alam Al-Kutub, 1429 AH / 2008 AD.

·         Ibn Al-Abbar, Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Musa bin Saeed (D. 685 AH / 1286 AD), Al-Ghusun Al-Yaneh Fi Mahasin Shuraa Al Maeh Al Sabah, edited by: Ibrahim Al-Abyari, Dar Al-Ma’arif, Egypt.

·         Ibn Al-Mustawfi, Al-Mubarak bin Ahmad bin Al-Mubarak bin Mawhoub Al-Lakhmi Al-Arbali (D. 637 AH / 1239 AD) History  of Erbil, edited by: Sami bin Sayed Khammas Al-Saffar, Ministry of Culture and Information, Dar al-Rasheed, Iraq, 1980, part 

·         Ibn Al-Salah, Othman bin Abd Al-Rahman (D. 643 AH / 1245 AD), Tabaqat Al-Shafi’i Jurists, edited by: Muhyi Al-Deen Ali Najeeb, 1st edition, Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, Beirut, 1992 AD,

·         Derniqa, Muhammad Ahmed, Lexicon of the Notables of the Prophet’s Praise Poets, presented by Yassin Al-Ayoubi, 1st Edition, Al- Hilal Library House.

·         Al-Fasi, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ali, The Tail of Restriction in the Narrators of Sunan and Al-Asanid, edited by: Kamal Yusuf Al- Hout, 1st edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya, Beirut, 1411 AH / 1990 AD.

·         Ibrahim, Ragab Abdel-Gawad, The Arabic Dictionary of the Names of Clothes, presented by Mahmoud Fahmy Al-Hijazi, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Afaq Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2002 AD.

·         Shakir, Mustafa, Arab History and Historians, A Study in the Development of the Science of History and the Knowledge of Its Men in Islam, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Ilm Li’l-Malayyin, Beirut, Lebanon, 1987, 

·         Al-Asbahani: Abu Naim Ahmed bin Abdullah (340 AH / 951 AD) The History of Isfahan, edited by: Sayed Kasravi Hassan, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya, Beirut, 1410 AH / 1990 AD.

·         Al-Imad Al-Asbahani, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hamid Al- Asbahani (D. 597 AH / 1201 AD), Khuraida Al-Qasr Wa Ahel Al-Asr Newspaper, Edited by: Shukri Faisal, Damascus, Arabic Language Academy, 1986.