Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
312
REPLACEMENT OF COMMERCIAL DRY YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES
CEREVISIAE) WITH ANIMAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND ITS
EFFECT IN SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS FOR FINGERLINGS
COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO L.
Issam Hameed Al-Refaiee*, Nasreen M. Abdulrahman**,Hassan Ali Mutter***
*Ministry of Agriculture,Baghdad,Iraq
** Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,University of Sulaimaniya,Sulaimaniya,Iraq
***College of Agriculture, University of Anbar,Anbar,Iraq.
Keyword: Commercial Dry Yeast, Blood Parameters, Common Carp
ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, Faculty
of agricultural sciences, University of Sulaimaniya in Kurdistan region of Iraq for the period from
25/07/2015 to 15/10/2015. Starting with a period of the acclimatization for 21 days, to test the
efficiency of using commercial dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as alternative protein source to
animal protein concentrate (APC) used in the manufacturing of diets for common carp Cyprinus
carpio L. by using 90 fish of common carp C. carpioat weights ranged 22-42 gm. Divided into 15
groups distributed at randomly on 15 plastic ponds by five treatments with three replicates per
treatmentthetreatments contain different levels from APC and yeast S.cerevisiae as below: First
treatment (Control T1) 100% APC/ 0.00% yeast S. cerevisiae,second treatment (T2) 75% APC/
25% yeast S. cerevisiae, third treatment (T3) 50% APC/ 50% yeast S. cerevisiae, forth treatment
(T4) 25% APC/ 75% yeast S. cerevisiae, fifth treatment (T4) 0.00% APC/ 100% yeast S.
cerevisiae. T5 was significantly differences (P≤0.05) in counts red blood cells RBC as compared
with other treatments, T4 was significantly differences (P≤0.05) Packed Cell Volume (PCV) as
compared to the other treatments ,also treatments T3, T2 and T4 significantly increase (P≤0.05) in
mean concentration of hemoglobin (MCHC) as compared to the other treatments,T2 was
significantly increase (P≤0.05) in white blood cells counts WBC and granulocytes percentage as
compared to the other treatments ,also treatments T2 and T3 significantly increase (P≤0.05) in
monocytes percentage as compared to other treatments.The results of blood serum showed that T2
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
313
significant improvement (P≤0.05) inthe level of Cholesterol concentration as compared to the other
treatments, significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of Triglyceride concentration for T2 as
compared with T1 and T5, T3 was significantly improvement (P≤0.05) in High-density lipoproteins
(HDL) as compared to the other treatments, significantly improvement (P≤0.05) in low-density
lipoproteins concentration LDL for othertreatments as compared with T1.
INTRODUCTION
The optimization of fish production requires research into feeding techniques, which
promotes growth and at the same time reduces the quantity of waste products released in the
water, fish feed consist of 60% production cost and the protein component is to be the most
expensive in terms of overall feed cost (17). Increasing protein levels in feeds can lead to
improved fish production, but excessive dietary protein is not economical for fish culture. The
dietary protein level is one of the major factors influencing growth of fish, feed efficiency and
water quality (17).
The increase in fish meal and decrease fisheries productivity consumption threatens the future is
not reassuring for the whole aquaculture industry unless there is a quantum leap in providing
sources of protein is fish for fish feed production, especially since the forecast growth in demand
for the coming years twentieth powder and fish oil, which puts extra weight on the balances
global fish stocks threatened to decline in the future (5).
(SCP) Proteins produced from yeasts and fungi consist of 50-55 % of the protein which
is rich in fat and carbohydrates (15), as well as it hasa balance of the essential amino acid ratios
and high in vitamins B-complex and mineral such as phosphorus and potassium (19). The SCP
product of bacteria contains a high proportion of protein exceeding 80% (6).
Using of dry yeast S. cerevisiae in the diets of fish was mainly in two different, they
can either be additive food or as a component to replace traditional protein in diets, the image
first represents dietary supplements Probiotics vitally effects contribute to improve the immune
system for juvenile fish and strengthen coexistence symbiotic mechanisms in the gut
environment (16).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
314
The results of the study conducted by (2) shown an increase in the rate of common carp
C.carpio fed a diet composed of equal proportions of bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
derived from the intestines of common carp with dry yeast S.cerevisiae.
(3) test the effect of different levels of the FOS, yeast and their combination. Their
results indicated that treatment with 2.5g/kg FOS was best treatment compared with treatments it
had weight gain (28.133), daily growth rate (0.335), specific growth rate (138.913), relative
growth rate (0.451), while T7 significantly differs from other treatment in their feed conversion
(3.723),having a complementary relationship between them interpreted in the light of the
outcome of the immune response of fish with the increase in the total counts of white blood
WBC, other experiments dealt with the role of yeast extracts including -β glucan and positive
effects and conducted on animals and humans and possess the properties of immune optimization
(20).
The current study is designed to test the possibility of using commercial dry yeast S.
cerevisiae as an alternative to the commercial concentrate of animal protein used in the diets of
common carp C. carpio L. 1758 and the effect of different levels of substitution in some blood
parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was carried out in fish lab./ Department of Animal Production/ College
of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimaniya for the period from 25/07/2015 to
10/15/2015, including a period of acclimatization fish for 21 days.
Experiment design: The experiment was designed with five treatments and with three replicates
per treatment and within it six fish to be the total number of fish ninety fish to study the effect of
replacement of different levels of Animal Concentrate Protein (APC) with dry commercial yeast
S. cerevisiae in diets as below follows:
T1: the first treatment(control) 100% APC /0.00% yeast S. cerevisiae.
T2: The second treatment 75% APC / 25% yeast S. cerevisiae.
T3: third treatment 50% APC / 50% yeast S. cerevisiae.
T4: fourth treatment 25% APC / 75% yeast S. cerevisiae.
T5: fifth treatment 0.00% APC / 100% yeast S. cerevisiae.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
315
Experiment fish: A total 280 common carp C. carpioused their weights ranged from 22-
42grams and lengths ranging from 8.10 to 9.13 cm for the treatments of the research plan, which
was brought from one of the farms in Daqoq in Kirkuk province, After the arrival of the fish to
the lab he was transferred to plastic containers and has processed quarantined from NaCL 3% for
five minutes in order to disinfect and get rid of parasites sticking out even showing signs of
stress evident on the movement of the fins and the way fish swim.Using of fifteen plastic oval
tanks each capacity 80 liters, filled with 60 liters.
At the end of the experimental period, three fish were randomly taken from each
experimental group. All fish samples were weighed individually. The blood samples from each
fish of the different groups were collected by cutting of the caudal peduncle. Whole blood
samples were collected in small plastic vials containing heparin for determination of some blood
parameters and the concentrations were determined by using the hematology analyzer BC-2800
is a compact, fully automatic hematology analyzer with 19 parameters for complete blood count
(CBC) test.
RBC (Red Blood Cell; 10
12
cells/l); WBC (White Blood Cell; 109cells/l); Hb
(Hemoglobin; g/l); MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; pg); MCHC ( Mean Corpuscular
Hemoglobin Concentration; g/l); PCV ( Packed Corpuscular Volume; fl); GRAN (Granulocyte;
%); Lymph (Lymphocyte; % ); Mon (Monocyte; %); PLT ( Platelet; 10
9
cells/l). Total Protein,
Blood Sugar,Cholesterol، Triglycerides (TG), )HDL( High Density Lipoprotein and Low Density
Lipoprotein (LDL).
Statistical analyses was conducted using the completely randomized design CRD, means
with significant differences were compared by Duncan’s (1955) multiple range tests, according
to P<0.05 significance. Statistical analysis results are shown as mean values in tables. The
statistical calculations of the results were completed using XLSTAT. Pro.one way (ANOVA).
Different letters were given to different treatments.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results in Figure (1) and the table (1) T5 shown a significant difference (P≤0.05) in the
red blood cells RBC countsas compared with other treatments, as the highest value recorded was
1.081 (1012 cells / L).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
316
Figure 1: Effect of replacement of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in the red blood cells count of common
carp C.carpio at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate the
presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
Results described in figure (2) and table (1) did not indicate presence of significant
differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments in the MCV.
Figure 2: Effect of replacement of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in the Mean Corpuscles Volume of
common carp C.carpio at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate
the presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
317
The yeast S.cerevisiaeacts in the fermentation of carbohydrates by metabolize them and
produce CO2 and alcohol, so they are used in pastries and alcohol production industry, also used
the same yeast in aquatic vegetation development in aquaria by taking advantage of the
generated CO2 gas ( 11 ; Pedersen et al., 2007).The role of yeast that's probably the reason for a
relative increase in the dissolved carbon dioxide DCO2concentration, especially in the tank of T5
(100 % yeast) by the high level of use of yeast in which the friction feed in the water as well as
the decomposition of the feed portion is accessible to (themissing) and this increase is offset by
the relatively low DO2 dissolved oxygen concentration
Because fish sensitive to any reduction in the concentration of DO2 in the short term ,
making it doubled the production of red blood cells RBC from the spleen in the long term with
the focus DCO2 rarely a problem in fish ponds when the concentration of DO2 at the appropriate
levels , but the fish resort to increase production RBC as a precautionary measure in order to
physiologically adapt to the environment to support the continuing supply of body tissue portable
oxygen on the roofs of RBC (12). On the other hand (7) observed that the number of red blood
cells in the blood of fish affected by nutrition type, specifically the proportion and type of protein
in the diet might be another reason for the high number of RBC fish that used diets T5 (100%
yeast) and T4 (75% yeast) feeding them as was the quality of the protein had a tangible effect on
the different results of the performance of growth and efficiency feeding the fish, in the same
context, the different levels of yeast did not adversely affect the value of the approximate size of
the cells MCV blood fish red blood compared with T1 (0.00% yeast).
Statistical results in figure (3) and table (1) show the presence of significant differences (P≥0.05)
in Hb, despite recording numerical differencesamongtreatments values T2 has received the
highest value of 18.727 g / dl,and T5 came in at the lowest value of 16.639 g / dl.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
318
Figure 3: Effect of different replacement levels of dry yeast S.cerevisiaein the level of
hemoglobin of common carpC.carpio at the end of the experiment.
The results in Figure (4) and table (1) indicated that there were significant differences
in MCHC among treatments, T3, T2 and T4 achieved (86.133 and 85.767, and 83.329) g / dl,
respectively, high significant (P≤ 0.05) in two treatments T5 at 79.106 and T1 (control) at 73.989
g / dl, which in turn got the lowest values registered with the significant difference (P≤0.05) with
all the treatments.
Figure 4: Effect of replacementlevels of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in MCHC of common carp
C.carpio at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate the presence of
significant differences (P≤0.05).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
319
Table 1: Impact of replacement levels of S. cerevisiae in Red Blood Corpuscles counts,
Hemoglobin, Packed Corpuscles Volumes, Mean Corpuscles Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscles
Hemoglobin Counts of common carp C. carpio blood at the end of the experiment.
Treatments
RBC counts
( 1012 cell /L)
Hemoglobin
gm/dl
PCV
%
MCH
mg/dl
MCHC
fm(10-15)
T1
0.00% yeast
0.05±0.859
bc
0.10±17.567
a
0.06±18.567
bc
0.01±73.989
c
0.05±210.989
a
T2
25% yeast
0.07±0.889
bc
0.06±18.727
a
0.07±19.988
b
0.01±85.767
a
0.04±211.178
a
T3
50 % yeast
0.02±0.773
c
0.11±17.511
a
0.07±17.522
c
0.01±86.133
a
0.01±214.028
a
T4
75 % yeast
0.02±0.925
b
0.05±17.744
a
0.07±22.700
a
0.03±83.329
a
0.03±212.489
a
T5
100 % yeast
0.14±1.081
a
0.02±16.639
a
0.04±19.106
bc
0.03±79.106
b
0.01±204.420
a
Mean values with different superscripts within a column differ significantly (P≤0.05).
(8) reported that the liver, spleen and intestines are places responsible for blood production in
fish and that any case of cases of damage or harm to those members can lead to a lack in the
production of red blood cells and the size of stacked blood cells and a decrease in the
concentration of blood hemoglobin (Hb) and then leading to anemia. And the fact that the
results of this study confirm the non-significant differences in the vital functions of the
members of the mentioned values later and this is reflected positively on the physiological
health and efficiency of the fish which supports the usingof food performance for the use of the
yeast S.cerevisiae as hygienically safe and vital value when used as an ingredient in the diets of
fish, as it was for the yeast positive role was reflected in the improvement of the average
concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of all treatments, compared with T1 (100% yeast ) not
included in the yeast composition.
The results of the PCV shown in Figure (5) and table (1) indicate that T4 (P≤0.05)
22.70 % when compared with other treatments, as well as T2 at 19.988 % to T3 which in turn,
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
320
recorded the lowest rate among the treatments at 17.522 %, but not significantly vary with the
treatments T1 and T5 (control) when the ratio (19.106 and 18.567) %, respectively.
Figure 5: Effect of replacementlevels of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in PCV of common carp C.carpio
at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate the presence of
significant differences (P≤0.05).
The significant among treatments indicates the existence of divergent effects to levels
of yeast S.cerevisae on PCV%and Hb despite the absence of significant differences in the latter,
Table 2: The effect of replacement level of S. cerevisiaein White Blood Corpuscles counts,
Granulocytes, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes of common carp C. carpio.
Treatments
WBC counts
109 cell/L
Granulocytes
%
Lymphocytes
%
Monocytes
%
T1
0.00% yeast
0.02±102.283
b
0.11±0.900
d
0.02±94.967
a
0.10±1.000
b
T2
25% yeast
0.03±113.001
a
0.13±1.633
a
0.01±98.167
a
0.22±1.567
a
T3
50 % yeast
0.01±102.989
b
0.05±1.167
bc
0.01±98.133
a
0.17±1.467
a
T4
75 % yeast
0.03±104.033
b
0.04±1.333
b
0.01±97.733
a
0.08±1.300
ab
T5 0.02±104.678
b
0.05±1.067
cd
0.04±96.633
a
0.04±1.333
ab
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
321
100 % yeast
Mean values with different superscripts within a column differ significantly (P≤0.05).
The statistical results reported in figure (6) and table (2) significant differences among
experimental treatments as T2 was significant (P≤0.05) as compared to all treatments.
Figure 6: Effect of replacementlevels of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in WBC counts of common carp
C.carpio at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate the presence of
significant differences (P≤0.05).
Figure (7) and table (2) shows outweigh (P≤0.05) in the ratio of the count of
granulocytes recorded in T2 as compared with all treatments 1.633 % , also T4 was significantly
(P≤0.05) at 1.333 % on treatments T5 and T1 ( control ) ratios ( 1.067 and 0.900 ) %,
respectively.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
322
Figure 7: Effect of replacementlevels of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in white blood fish common carp
C.carpio cells at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate the
presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
Figure (8) and table (2) shows that there were no significant differences among the
treatments in the proportion of lymphocytes, T2 were the highest percentage of lymphocytes at
98.167 %, T1 (control) recorded lowest rate at 94.967 %.
Figure 8:Effect of replacementlevels of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in the percentage of white blood cells
to the lymph fish common carp C.carpio at the end of the experiment.
Figure (9) and table (2) shows significant differences in T2 and T3 (P≤0.05) on T1
(control) in the proportion of Monocytes(1.567, 1.467 and 1.000) %, respectively, while the
differences did not appear significant intreatments T4 and T5 with the rest of the treatmentswith
ratio (1.300 and 1.333) %, respectively.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
323
Figure 9: Effect of replacementlevels of dry yeast S.cerevisiae in Monocytes of common carp
C.carpio at the end of the experiment. Different letters within the figure indicate the presence of
significant differences (P≤0.05).
The results of the present study was that the yeast used levels in the treatments had a
positive impact on the improvement of the immune response of fish, the current findings may
mean that the fish showed a positive reaction with low levels of yeast in diets, leading to
improved immunological characteristics in the blood by creating capable Balanced Environment
to simplify elements of food by metabolism (represented diet) and reducing the size of the
complexes and obstacles digestion caused by high yeast levels and that it seems that common
carp facing weak ability to digest toward it, may explain the dynamic interaction of this result is
witnessed by T2 (25% yeast) and its impact on fish improved as the number of Lymphocytes, as
well as granulocytes and the Monocytes compared with T1 (0.00% yeast).
(14) noticesthe interpretation of the natural state to form a fish blood cells that were fed diets
contained dry yeast S.cerevisiae within the components to last the universe produces nutrients
vital value is a group of vitamin B complex, as noted by (13). The use of yeast itself can increase
the Granulocytes and the activity of phagocytic cells in the Nile tilapia O.niloticus, the results of
the current study support the findings of (4) when studying the effect of yeast on the
immunological characteristics in African fish C .gariepinus which assigned the cause of the fish
immune for the improvement, according to numerous studies on the role of yeast and usability to
improve the efficiency of the immune system.
Figure (10) and table (3) shows statistical increase(P≤0.05)of serum Total Protein
(TP)intreatments T2 and T1 at (3.917 and 3.850) g/dl, respectively, on the treatment T4 and T5
when values (3.367 and 3.333) g / dl, respectively, was not significant differences between T3
which recorded 3.467 g / dl.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
324
Figure 10: Impact of the replacement levels of dry yeast S. cerevisiae in the level of total protein
in the blood of carp fish is common C. carpio at the end of the experiment. Various characters
within the figure indicate the presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
(21) explained that the serum proteins in fish as possible to be affected significantly the
quantity and quality of feed consumed, and the TP serum regarded as an important amino acid
storage in fish bodies degrades when needed to supply acids secretary to build proteins according
to the requirements of growth and perpetuation also it can be a source of energy in the body
through its transformation into carbohydrate. TP plays important role in maintaining the natural
balance of the body, as can many food components (10).
The results in Figure (11) and table (3) shown significantly higher (P≤0.05) in the value of blood
sugar recorded T2 with116.660 when compared with other treatments, T1 and T5 treatmentswith
values 110.333 and 106.167 mg / dl, respectively, significantly higher (P≤0.05) compared with
the treatment T2 and T3, which got values ( 98.167 and 95.400 ) mg / dl, respectively.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
325
Figure 11: Impact of the replacement levels of dry yeast S. cerevisiae blood sugar of common
carp C. carpio at the end of the experiment. Various characters within the figure indicate the
presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
The results show high proportion of blood sugar in the T1 (control) and treatments that
contained a higher level of yeast may be due to the structure of the cell wall of yeast cells on
carbohydrate compounds that were mentioned earlier, (1) found significant increase in the
proportion of sugar serum blood of tilapia fish (Sarotherodongalilaeus) in the diet, with yeast S.
cerevisiae comparedwith the control diet.
The results in Figure (12) and table (3) shown significant differences in the proportion of serum
cholesterol between treatments T1 (control) is significantly higher (P≤0.05) at 136.66 mg / dlas
compared with other experimental treatments, T2 decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) compared with
all treatments were recorded treatments T4, T3 and T5 any difference among them with 123.50 and
118.00 and 117.50 mg / dl, respectively.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
326
Figure 12: Impact of the replacement levels of dry yeast S. cerevisiae cholesterol level in the
blood of common carp C. carpio at the end of the experiment. Various characters within the
figure indicate the presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
Statistical results shown in figure (13) and table (3) significant differences among
treatments in the value of triglyceride TG observed, T4 was significant (P≤0.05) with 290.167
mg / dl,treatments T3, T1 (control) and T2 with278.667, 225.500 and 211.500 mg/dl with
significant decrease (P≤0.05) between each one, while T5 did not record significant differences
at 284.83 mg / dl with T3 and T4 in the value of TG.
Figure 13: Impact of replacement levels of dry yeast S. cerevisiae in the level of Triglycerides in
common carp C. carpio at the end of the experiment. Various characters within the figure
indicate the presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
327
The concentration levels of CH and TG were one of the most adequate indicators to
describe the state of health of fish and take the changes in the index to understand the state of
metabolism in the liver (22). Current results show low cholesterol concentration in fish blood
serum fed levels of yeast compared to the first treatment, at the same time the second treatment
achieved better reduction of cholesterol reflected in this result, TG which dropped their
concentration in the second treatment also may be due to the role of yeast and food components
that have improved CH and TG levels in fish blood serum.
The statistical values showed that HDL increased (P≤0.05) intreatments T3, T2 and T4
with (47.667, 47.000 and 41.00) mg / dlrespectively on the treatment T5 and T1 (control)their
values (38.833 and 37.500) mg/dl, respectively, were observed and there were a significant
difference among them in the value of HDLas shown in Figure (14) and the table (3).
Figure 14: Impact of replacement levels of dry yeast S. cerevisiae in the level of HDL in
common carp C. carpio at the end of the experiment. Various characters within the figure
indicate the presence of significant differences (P≤0.05).
Statistical of LDL shown in Figure (15) and table (3) T1 was significantly different
(P≤0.05) with all treatments at 38.500 mg/dl T2 also differed significantly (P≤0.05) at 23.333
mg/dl treatments with T3, T4 and T5, with(19.500,12.500 and 19.667), respectively, while the
results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in treatments T5, T3 and T4 compared with that
recorded the lowest significant decrease in LDL ratio among the treatments.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
328
Figure 15:Impact of replacement levels of dry yeast S. cerevisiae in LDL of common carp C.
carpio at the end of the experiment. Various characters within the figure indicate the presence of
significant differences (P≤0.05).
According to the findings of this study it demonstrated that the use of yeast have good
qualities of the blood serum by lowering the level of lipoproteins LDL in treatmentsin
comparison with T1, which are free of yeast in their components.
(18) showed that the yeast S.cerevisae improve the level of high-density lipoproteins when their
presence in the diets of the fish, and this implied by the results of the current study, one of the
most important ways in which the yeast contributes to the reduction of LDL in the blood of fish
that cited by (9) as proposed explanation for the low level of cholesterol in blood by the
multicellular β- glucan in the cell wall of the yeast -like fiber plant cells.
Table 3: Impact of replacement level of S. cerevisiae in Total protein, Sugar, Cholesterol,
Triglycerides, HDL and LDL of common carp C. carpio
Treatments
Total protein
gm/dl
Sugar
mg/dl
Cholesterol
mg/dl
Triglycerides
mg/dl
HDL
mg/dl
LDL
mg/dl
T1
0.00%
yeast
00.01±3.85
a
0.01±106.163
b
0.01±136.67
a
0.02±225.500
c
0.01±37.500
b
0.02±38.500
a
T2
25% yeast
917±3.50.0
a
0.03±98.167
c
0.02±111.00
c
0.02±211.500
d
0.07±47.000
a
0.03±23.333
b
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
329
T3
50 % yeast
70.07±3.46
ab
0.05±95.400
c
0.02±117.50
b
0.02±278.667
b
0.04±47.667
a
0.03±19.300
c
T4
75 % yeast
70.06±3.36
b
0.03±116.660
a
0.05±123.50
b
0.01±290.167
a
0.08±41.000
a
0.08±12.500
d
T5
100 %
yeast
0.06±3.333
b
0.04±110.333
b
0.03±118.00
b
0.02±284.67
ab
0.05±38.833
b
0.08±19.667
c
Mean values with different superscripts within a column differ significantly (P≤0.05).
بالمرکز البروتینی الحیوانى و دوره فی (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) إستبدال الخمیرة الجافة التجاریة
Cyprinus carpio L. بعض صفات الدم لأصبعیات الکارب العادى
عصام حمید الرفاعی* ، نسرین محی الدین عبدالرحمن**، حسن علی مطر***
* وزارة الزراعة،بغداد العراق
** کلیة العلوم الزراعیة ، جامعة السلیمانیة،السلیمانیھ،العراق
*** کلیة الزراعة ، جامعة الانبار ، الانبار ،العراق
الخلاصھ
نفذت التجربة فی مختبر الأسماک التابع لقسم الانتاج الحیوانی، کلیة العلوم الزراعیة، جامعة السلیمانیة فی اقلیم
2015 ابتداء بمدة اقلمة للأسماک بلغت 21 یوماً لاختبار کفاءة استبدال /10/ 2015 الى 15 /7/ کردستان العراق للمدة من 25
الخمیرة الجافة التجاریة Saccharomycescerevisiae کمکون بروتینی بدیل عن مرکز البروتین الحیوانی التجاری
Animal protein concentrate (APC) المستخدم فی تصنیع علائق أسماک الکارب شائع Cyprinuscarpio.L ، تم
42 غم - قسمت الأسماک الى 15 مجموعة وزعت عشوائیا على 15 .استعمال 90 سمکة کارب شائعبأوزان تراوحت بین 22
حوضاً بلاستیکیاً بواقع خمسة معاملات وثلاثة مکررات لکل معاملة وکانت المعاملات تحتوی على مستویات مختلفة من
APC وخمیرة S.cerevisiea) وکالاتی. المعاملة الاولى T1 % السیطرة) 100 APC %0.00 خمیرة / S.cerevisiea ،
المعاملة الثانیة T2 %75APC %25 خمیرة / S.cerevisiea المعاملة الثالثة ،T3 %50APC %50 /
خمیرة S.cerevisiea المعاملة الرابعة ،T4 %25APC %75 خمیرة / S.cerevisiea المعاملة الخامسة ،T5 %0.00
APC %100 خمیرة / S.cerevisiea اختلاف .T معنویا( 5 P≤ فی عدد خلایا الدم الحمر 0.05 (RBC مقارنة مع بقیة
المعاملات، اختلاف T معنویا( 4 P≤ فی نسبة حجم خلایا الدم المرصوصة 0.05 (PCV مقارنة مع بقیة المعاملات، کذلک
تفوقت المعاملات T3T و, 2 T معنویا( 4 P≤ فی متوسط ترکیز خضاب الدم 0.05 (MCHC مقارنة مع بقیة المعاملات، تفوق
T معنویا( 2 P≤ فی عدد خلایا الدم البیض 0.05 (WBC ونسبة خلایا الدم البیض الحبیبیة مقارنة مع بقیة المعاملات، فضلاً
عن تفوق المعاملات T و 2 T معنویا( 3 P≤ ) فی نسبة خلایا الدم الوحیدة مقارنة مع بقیة المعاملات. بینت نتائج تحلیل 0.05
مصل الدم تحسن T معنویاً ( 2 P≤ ) فی مستوى الکولسترول والکلیسراید الثلاثی مقارنة مع بقیة المعاملات، فضلاً عن 0.05
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
330
تحسن المعاملات T3,T و 2 T معنویاً ( 4 P≤ فی مستوى البروتینات الدھنیة عالیة الکثافة 0.05 (HDL مقارنة مع T و 1 T5 ،
سجلت T تحسن معنوی ( 3 P≤ فی مستوى البروتینات الدھنیة الواطئة الکثافة 0.05 (LDL. مقارنة مع بقیة المعاملات
REFERENCES
1.Abdel-Tawwab, M.; A.M. Abdel-Rahman, and N. E. M. Ismael 2008. Evaluation of
commercial live bakers, yeast, (Saccharomycescerevisiae) as a growth and immunity
promoterfor Fry Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) challenged in situ with Aeromonas
hydrophila. Aquaculture, 280: 185-189.
2.Abdulrahman, N. M. 2008. Locally Produced Probiotic and Its Role in the
Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.).PhD. Dissertation, College Of
Agriculture/ University Of Sulaimaniya.
3.Abdulrahman, N. M. and V. M. Ahmed 2015. Comparative effect of probiotic
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), prebiotic (fructooligosaccharide FOS) and their combination
on some differential white blood cells in young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
Asian J. of Sci. and Tech, 6(2): 1136-1140.
4.Aderolu, A. Z. ; M. O.Lawal, T. O. Ali and O. O. Aarode2011. Utilization of Baker’s Yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the diet of juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
J. of Sci. Res. Dev, 13: 19 – 27.
5.Aladetohun, N. F. and O. A .Sogbesan, 2013.Utilization of blood meal as a protein ingredient
from animal waste product in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus.Intern.J. of Fish.and
Aquac., 5(9): 234 – 237.
6.Attia, Y. A.; M. A Al-Harthi and A. A El-Deek 2003. Nutritive value of undehulled sunflower
meal as affected by multienzymes supplementation to broiler diets.Braz. J. Genetic Eng.,
67: 97 106.
7.Bransden, M. P.; C. G. Carter and P. D.Nichols 2003. Replacement of fish oil with sunflower
oil in feeds for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): effect on growth performance, tissue fatty
acid composition and disease resistance. Comp. Bioch. and Physiol., – Part B 135: 611– 625.
8.Du, Z.Y.; P. Clouet,; L. M Huang,.; E. P. Degrac,.; W. H. Zheng and J. G. He 2008.
Utilization of different dietary lipid sources at high level in herbivorous grass carp
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
331
(Ctenopharyngodon idella): mechanism related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Aquaculture
Nut., 14: 77 – 92.
9.El-Arab, S. F. and F. El-Said 2009. Effect of yeast and botanical β-glucan on serum lipid and
cecum probiotic bacteria using rat’s for cholesterol diet. Polish j. of Food and Nut.Sci.
,59(2): 169-174.
10.Huang, S. Y.; C. H. Fu, ; D. A. Higgs. ; S. K Belfry. ; P. M. Schulte. and C. J. Brauner
2008. Effects of dietary canola oil level on growth performance, fatty acid composition
and ion regulatory development of spring chinook salmon parr, (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha). Aquaculture., 274: 109–117.
11.Legras, J. L,; D.Merdinoglu,; J-M. Cornuet and F. Karst 2007. Bread, beer and wine: S.
cerevisiae diversity reflects human history". Molec. Ecol., 16 (10): 2091–2102.
12.Mallya, Y. J 2007.The effects of dissolved oxygen on fish growth in aquaculture.kingolwira
national fish farming center, fisheries division Ministry of Natural Resources and
Tourism. Tanzania.,61 pp.
13.Manoppo, H.; U. N. Manurung and R. A. Tumbol 2015. Efficacy of baker’s yeast as
immunostimulants in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Intern.J. of ChemTech. Res.,
8(3): 1396-1402.
14.Marzouk, M. S.; M. M. Moustafa. and N. M. Mohamed 2008. The influence of some
probiotics on thegrowth performance and intestinal microbial flora of Oreochromis
niloticus. Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, Cairo,
Egypt:, 1059-1071.
15.Mchoi, M. H., Park, Y. H 2003. Production of yeast biomass using waste Chinese biomass bio
energy. J. Microbiol., 25: 221 226.
16.Navarrete, P. and D. Tovar-Ramírez 2014.Use of Yeasts as Probiotics in Fish
Aquaculture.http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57196./ 2016/1/10
17.Nekoubin H, Sudagar M. 2013.Effect of Different Types of Plants (Lemna
Sp., Azollafiliculoides and Alfalfa) and Artificial Diet (With Two Protein Levels) on
Growth Performance, Survival Rate, Biochemical Parameters and Body Composition of
Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). J Aquac Res Development 4:167.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.15, No.3,2016
Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
332
18.Paryad, A. and M. Mahmoudi 2008.Effect of different levels of supplemental yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) on performance, blood constituents and carcass characteristics
of broiler chicks. African J. of Agric. Res., 3: 836-842.
19.Suman, G.; M. Nupur, S. Anuradha. and B. Pradeep 2015. Single Cell Protein Production: A
Review. Intern.J. curr.Micro. And Appl. Sci., 4(9): 251-262.
20.Tanioka, A,; K. Tanabe; A. Hosono; H. Kawakami; S. Kaminogawa and K. Tsubaki
2013. Enhancement of intestinal immune function in mice by β-D-glucan from
Aureobasidium pullulans ADK-34.Scand J Immunol; 78(1): 61-68.
21.Williams, K. C2007. Nutritional requirements and feed development for post-larval spiny
lobster: a review. Aquaculture., 263: 1–14.
22.Zhou, Q. C.; K. Mai; B. Tan and Y. Liu 2005. Partial replacement of fishmeal by soybean
meal in diets for juvenile cobia Rachycentroncanadum.Aqua.Nut.,11(3): 157–233.
