Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
127
STUDY THE EFFECT OF CLINICAL MASTITIS CAUSED BY
staphylcoccus aureus ON BLOOD PARAMETER
OF BUFFALO IN NORTHERN OF BASRA
Moaed .H.Sayhood, Assad.H.Essa, Ali Aldeewan, Nadhem.M.Jawad.
Department of Public Health, Veterinary Medicine College, University of
Basrah,Basrah,Iraq.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, mastitis, Liver enzymes.
Correspond Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Mastitis is affects the mammary gland tissue and is accompanied by chemical,
physical and bacterial changes in milk. There are several bacterial pathogens that
cause mastitis which differs in its effect on the glandular tissue of the udder. The
current study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Basrah, in order to determine the effect of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus
and the extent of the disease importance events to determine the blood parameters,
including the total number of red blood cells, the total number of white blood cells,
hemoglobin level, and packed cell volume in infected with buffalo Mastitis in
comparison to non-infected animals, which were considered a control group. A total
of (75) milk samples from mastitis infected buffalo were collected from different site
of northern of Basra, only twenty five isolates (33.3%) characterized as
Staphylococcus aureus by conventional biochemical tests. The study showed a
significant increase in white blood cells, and liver enzymes (AST&ALT), while
significant decrease in red blood cell count as well as total cholesterol and differences
were observed in total protein when compared with non-infected animals group.
Introduction
Mastitis is adiseas that effect the mammary gland tissue and is accompanied by
chemical ,physical and bacterology changes in milk .companiedwithappearance of
symptoms of pain, redness, heat and swelling of the as well as changes in the color
and consistency of milk as well as the presence of clots (1).
There are several bacterial pathogens that cause mastitis which differs in its effect on
the glandular tissue of the udder. This difference is due to the severity of the virulence
of the bacteria and its secretion to many toxins. These bacteria are Staphylococcus
aureus, streptococcus, and a group of Gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella,
Klepsella, and E. coli ( 2). Mastitis is great economic importance disease because it
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
128
causes economic losses due to the sharp decrease in milk production which affects
the quantity and quality of milk. In addition, the deaths of a number of calves dute
feeding infected milk(3) milk losses by costs of treatment ,in addition of its effects
on human health as result of drinking the infected milk and dairy products from
infected animals as most of the causes of bacterial whichpathogenic to humans as well
as changes in quality ( (4). Mastitis of occur in several forms including severe form
which was characterized by the presence of heat, , a significant decrease in milk
production, in addition to an increase in somatic cells in milk and without any
abnormal effects on milk or the udder itself, loss of appetite and weight loss may
develop into a situation bacteremia and thus lead to the death of the animal (5).
due importance of S. aureus as one of the causes of milk production decrease, so our
study tried to sheds light on these bacteria and the extent of the disease importance
events and determine the standards blood titrations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental design
A total of 75 milk and blood samples were collected from healthy and buffalo infected
with mastitis from different area (Shafi, Qurna, Alshnana, Alnashwa, and AlSharush)
in Basra city during September 2016 to march 2017.
Milk samples
To collect milk for diagnosis, the udder and teat was thoroughly washed using sterile
water. After discarding first drops,(15 milk samples) were collected in plastic sterile
tubes for identification of Staph. aureus as described reference From each milk
sample, 0.1 ml spread onto plate containing Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and incubated
for 48 h at 37°C. After presumptive identification based on colony morphology, S.
aureus colonies were then taken for confirmatory testing, catalase, coagulase, and
oxidase tests.
Blood samples
The blood samples (10 ml) were collected from the jugular vein of healthy and
infected buffalo with anticoagulant (EDTA) were collected for red blood cells count
(RBC), white blood cell count(WBC), hemoglobin level(HB%), and packet cell
volume (PCV) within 5 to 10 h of collection as described by Jain (1986). Whileother
blood samples without anticoagulant (EDTA) were collected for total cholesterol,
liver enzymes (AST&ALT), and total plasma protein.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
Isolation and diagnosis:
The results showed that out of 4
only twenty five Staphylococcus aureus
tests performed were positive for the test of the RNA enzyme (DNase) and Coagulase
test while negative for catalase and oxidase test
Table(1) show results of diagnosis of staphylococcus aureus
Name of test Dnase
Result +
Biochemical parameter:-
The table (2) showed a significant decrease in the total number of red blood cells
(RBC) when compared with control group. As for the white blood cells (WBC) there
is a significant increase in white blood cells when compared with the control group at
P≤O. 5. The level of hemoglobin( Hb) in blood showed a significant decrease in
animals infected with mastitis when compared with the control group. Also for packet
cell volume (PCV %) de
control group as show in figure 1
Table( 2) The effect of mastitis on blood parameters.
The vertically different letters mean significant different at level 5%
129
RESULTS
45 milk samples collected indicative of clinical mastitis
isolates ( 33.3%) were found.
testas shows in (Table 1).
Coagulase Oxidase Catalase
+ - -
-
≤decreased significantly compared to non-infected animals
1.
he The chemical
%
33.3
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
Figure1: Blood parameter
table 3 showed total cholesterol level of animals infected with mastitis has decreased
significantly compared with the control group
significant increase in comparison with control groups. We note a decrease in the total
protein values significant decrease
control group as show in figure 2
Table ( 3) The effect of mastitis on
Parameter
groups
Cholesterol
dL/mg
Controls 57.600
2.014±
Mastitis 46.800
3.733±
LSD 10.800
The vertically different letters mean significant different at level 5%
130
variation in mastitis
group. Liver enzymes (AST&
and no significant differences compared with
he chemical parameters.
AST
Iu/L
ALT
Iu/L
Total protein
dL/
a
8.920
b
2.214±
6.860
b
0.779±
5.500
0.748±
b
103.940
a
7.130±
15.640
a
7.200
0.821±
25.068 4.560 1.900
. ALT) have a
/mg
a
a
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
Figure2: The effect of mastitis on
The results of isolation
clinical mastitis found that the bacterial isolation
The cause of the clinical
means the severity of the bacterial disease as well as the effects of the environment
and stress (7), Causing the emergence of symptoms of acute disease, and the bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus of the most prominent bacterial causes of
cattle and this confirms that these bacteria are endemic in most areas of Basra and the
reason for the presence of these bacteria, both in clinical inflammation or sub clinical
is the presence of these bacteria
is vulnerable to the outer environment, especially during the animal before or after the
birth of the infection of the epilepsy. The high incidence of these bacteria is
widespread in the vicinity of the animal and dif
in the winter because of the presence of humidity (8, 9). Our study approved some
studies of mastitis (10, 11) where
mastitis, due to environmental conditions and poor
errors of the collection of milk and lack of adequate care is one of the main reasons
for the incidence of mastitis (12) and in a study conducted by (Zora 1979) found that
131
biochemical parameter
DISCUSSION
ion and identification the Staphylococcus aureus
rate of these isolates was( 33.3
mastitis was due to the weakness of the body's defen
clinical mastitis in
in the skin of the teats or in the external aperture that
different seasons of the year, especially
staphylococcus aureus caused a high incidence of
handling of the animal. For the
from milk of
33.3%).
defence
ferent
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
132
staphylococcus aureus is the most proportion of (12.9%) (13). The differences
between our study and other studies explain that the bacterial causes of mastitis vary
from one country to another due to differences in temperature , humidity and genetic
variations of countries (14).
On the other hand, study the changes in some standard blood parameter titration in
buffaloes infected with mastitis, as show in table (2)was significant differences in the
level of probability of p ≤0.05, as the number of red blood cells (RBC) of buffalo
infected with clinical mastitis decreased when compared with control group. This
decrease was due to inflammation of the lupus gland leading to the release of large
amounts of Oxidative factors that cause the cracking and destruction of the plasma
membrane of red blood cells and also in the breakdown of hemoglobin(HB), resulting
in the total number of red blood cells, where the red blood cell is one of the target
cells, which are damaged by the effect of oxidizing factors and the amount of damage
to the amount of leprosy And the length of the period of inflammation (15) also may
be the cause of low numbers of red blood cells due to lack of production of hormone
erthrpoiten, which is excreted from the kidney tissue and a small amount of tissue
liver due to exposure of these tissues to the causes of mastitis and the effect of
bacteria on it to the level of proportion Hemoglobin(Hb) decreased significantly and
its decrease is scientifically reasonable as it is one of the basic components of the red
blood cells. The lack of normal blood corpuscles results in a decrease in the
hemoglobin level as well as in the size of the blood cells (16). The hemoglobin to iron
deficiency in the liver hemosiderin due to liver breakdown due to the stress caused by
mastitis, which leads to the consumption of iron stocks in the liver and thus decrease
the level of hemoglobin (17). Added, in table (2), we notice significant differences in
the number of white blood cells of infected animals when compared to healthy
animals, the sage increased significantly at p ≤0.05. The reason is that white blood
cells are the body's first line of defense against the inflammatory processes that occur
in the body because mastitis affects the lactic glands(18), The results of this study are
agreement with (19) and (20), we notice a significant increase in animals infected
with mastitis at the level of p ≤0.05 when compared to infected animals with healthy
animals (Figure1) and is believed to cause the incidence of total cholesterol level
Staphylococcus aureus leads to the destruction of liver tissue and lactation tissue,
which leads to damage done in liver and high levels of total cholesterol because the
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
133
liver is responsible for the regulation of the secretion of cholesterol (21). As for the
effect of mastitis on the enzymes (AST and ALT), there is a significant increase at the
level of p≤0.o5 when comparing infected animals with mastitis healthy animals and
the reason for the rise Levels of (AST and ALT) Staphylococcus aureus will be
transmitted to the body tissues, which will cause increased levels of liver enzymes due
to cellular damage and degeneration, which leads to the release of enzymes into the
bloodstream causing a rise in the level of blood serum (22). The effect mastitis on the
total protein , we note no significant differences when comparing animals infected
with mastitis and control group .
دراسة تأثیر التھاب الضرع الناجم عن المکورات العنقودیة الذھبیة ومدى أھمیة الأحداث
المرضیة لتحدید معاییر الدم فی الجاموس فی شمال البصره
الخلاصة
أجریت الدراسة الحالیة فی کلیة الطب البیطری ، جامعة البصرة ، لدراسة تأثیر التھاب الضرع الناجم عن
المکورات العنقودیة الذھبیة ومدى أھمیة الأحداث المرضیة لتحدید معاییر الدم ، بما فی ذلک العد الإجمالی
لکریات الدم الحمراء، العد الکلی لخلایا الدم البیضاء ،مستوى الھیموغلوبین وحجم کریات الدم المضغوطة
المصاحبة لالتھاب الضرع فی الجاموس مقارنة بالحیوانات غیر المصابة والتی تعتبر کمجموعة سیطرة. جمعت
75 ) عینة من حلیب الجاموس المحلی السلیمة والمصابة بالتھاب الضرع السریری من مختلف مناطق شمال )
مدینة البصرة حیث کان مجموع العینات السلیمة ( ٣٠ ) عینة اعتبرت کمجموعة سیطرة فی حین ان مجموع
الاصابة بالتھاب الضرع السریری کانت ( ٤٥ )عینة شخصت ( ٢٥ ) عینة باختبارات کیمیائیة حیویة تقلیدیة م
على انھا حالات التھاب الضرع السریری نتیجة الاصابة بالمکورات العنقودیة الذھبیةوبنسبة ( ٣3.٣ %)علما ان
ھناک العدید من مسببات الأمراض البکتیریة التی تسبب التھاب الضرع الذی یختلف فی تأثیره على النسیج الغدی
من الضرع. من جھة اخرى شملت الدراسة تاثیر التھاب الضرع على المعاییر الکیمیائیة والتی تضمنت قیاس
مستوى الکولیسترول الکلی وانزیمات الکبد والبروتین الکلی . لقد أظھرت الدراسة زیادة معنویة فی کریات الدم
بینما لوحظ انخفاض معنوی فی عدد کریات الدم الحمراء ، (AST & ALT) البیضاء ، وإنزیمات الکبد
ومستوى الھیموغلوبین وحجم کریات الدم المضغوطة وکذلک الکولیسترول الکلی والاختلافات فی البروتین الکلی
مقارنة مع مجموعة الحیوانات غیر المصابة.
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