Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
262
THE CORRECTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ACID OF
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS IN DOMESTIC COWS(Bos indicus)
Abdul-Samad Uleiwi Hassan*, Shatha Atta Abeed **, Ali Hussein
Aldujaily***
* Health and Medical Technical Faculity, Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University
**Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa Technical Institution
***College of Veterinary Medicine,university of kufa,Kufa,Iraq.
Keywords: Metabolic alkalosis, Cattle, logarithmic therapy.
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed on 21 model cows in Mesopotamia for
diagnosis and treatment metabolic alkalosis cases. With a modern analytical
instruments like VetStat Electrolyte Blood Gas Analyzer, our results showed an
elevation in blood gases values accompanied with a significant (P < 0.01) decline in
electrolytes levels especially K (1.2 mEq/l) and Cl (77 mEq/l)). Logarithmic statistical
therapy recording an effective tool we are used for combat metabolic alkalosis in
cattle.
It was concluded from the current study that supposed therapeutic therapy was
effective in the correction and treatment of metabolic alkalosis in cows without less
side effects.
INTRODUCTION
Metabolic alkalosis is a physiological condition in which the pH of tissue is
elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This result from decreased hydrogen
ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate, or alternatively a direct result of
increased bicarbonate concentrations. The condition typically cannot last long if the
kidneys are functioning properly (1).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
263
Metabolic alkalosis results from net exterior cellular fluid (ECF) acid loss or
alkali gain. If alkalosis overwhelms blood pH buffering capacity, alkalemia (arterial
pH > 7.45) results. Loss of acid-containing gastric secretions through protracted
vomiting or nasogastric suction, excessive losses of acid via the urine or stool, and
transcellular movement of H+ ions into cells result in net acid loss from the ECF (2).
Metabolic alkalosis should be suspected when the history or physical
examination suggests volume depletion, chronic gastrointestinal (GI) volume loss, or
one of the other clinical settings, or one of the other clinical settings outlined
previously. According to the suspect ion outlined, effective treatment of alkalosis is
done by correction of the underlying defect causing impaired renal HCO3
- excretion.
Metabolic alkalosis usually resolves when ECF chloride (and volume) deficits are
replaced with oral or IV saline. Administrations most commonly used as K, NaCl,
dilute HCl solutions (3).
This project aimed to design the treatment for the cattle's metabolic alkalosis
conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1- Site of study: all the research events applied in Mesopotamia area equal to
147 km from 32.5 latitude to 44.5 longitude.
2- Models: about 21 domestic cows (Jenubi) Bos indicus were isolated in three
special chambers where they divided into three groups; control, mild
metabolic alkalosis and severe cases.
3- Clinical findings: including determination of plasma HCO3
-, arterial pH,
Pco2, Cl-, K, Mg, Na, and renin. VetStat Electrolyte Blood Gas Analyzer from
IDEXX company, USA were being used to investigate those variables.
4- Treatment application: the logarithm of therapy applied including provide
oral saline, KCl, NaCl, dilute HCl, oral ammonium chloride, and inhibitors of
renin drugs. This logarithm based upon pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamics principles.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
264
5- Statistical analysis: inputs and data were scheduled by modern computerized
statistical programme (SPSS) which established on other interact articles to
get fine assessment (4).
RESULTS
Outcomes numbers shows significant elevations in the levels of HCO3, pH,
Pco2, and renin which accompanied with significant declines in the values of Cl, K,
Mg, and Na. look at table-1 below.
Table-1: clinical chemical analysis of prominent variables correlated with cow's
metabolic alkalosis.
Variable/unit Test Control Standard
HCO3:- 50 e* 25-33 24-34
pH:- > 7.5 e* 7.36-7.46 7.36-7.46
PCo2:mm-Hg 77 e* 30-50 30-50
Cl: mEq/L 77 d* 98-103 93-105
K: mEq/L 1.2 d* 3.5-4.4 3.2-4.7
Mg: mEq/L 0.58 d* 1.7-2.5 1.6-2.5
Na: mEq/L 91 d* 137-142 137-143
Renin:ng 4.8 e* < 0.3-4.1 < 0.3-4.1
*: indicates a significant difference on the p < 0.05 level.
e: indicates a signifigant elevation values.
d: indicates a significant decline values.
The logarithmic pattern was calculated for the therapeutic cycle given for the
metabolic alkaloid cattle as it is cleared in shape-1 below. So it was been designed
minutely in a way compatible to the degree of this case recorded in the model animal.
According to this logarithm the drug (treatment) submitted gradually till the curing
happened or continues therapies applies so on.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
265
Detection of metabolic alkalosis
Mild cases
No specific therapy:
Oral saline to correct for replacing ECF chloride
KCL: for persistent cases
NaCl: low doses to avoid volume overload
Dilute HCL: in developed cases
of metabolic alkalosis
Oral ammonium chloride: to
avoiding brisk hemolysis
Inhibition of renin: in cases
of liver damage and sever
K deficiency
Scheme-1: Algorithm for cow's metabolic alkalosis therapy supposed by our
proposal research.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
266
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
10
logarithmic evaluation
1
saline kcl nacl hcl amm.cl inhib. Ren
Treatment proposed
Scheme-2: Two faces statistical analysis histogram of parameters related to
metabolic alkalosis in cows.
DISCUSSION
According to the lab findings, elevation of HCO3 and pH as a less striking it be
due to chronic respiratory acidosis. Pco2 elevation levels may be pointed for
compensatory hypoventilation, especially in mild renal insufficiency cases (5).
The electrolyte decline synchronically pattern give an obvious prove for the
metabolic alkalosis in our tested model. When there is association between ECF
volume depletion and metabolic alkalosis, the Cl of urine is predominantly low (as
it'll shown) controversy to the high Na in the same sample (6).
Primary adrenal steroid and renin excess conjugated with metabolic alkalosis
and volume expansion is a main cause for high urine Cl but not necessarily pH record
a high levels in those cases (7).
The logarithmic ideal therapy application of supposed treatment stems from a
gradual following of the curing cases during exposure for therapy. So in the earlier
cases of metabolic alkalosis, oral saline applied first to compensate the underlying
defect causing impaired HCO3 excretion, so this therapy replacing ECF chloride
deficiency. Other alternatives like NaCl and HCl solutions were considered as
effective choice and safe alternatives with weak side effects (8).
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research,Vol.17, No.3,2018
Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
267
The last therapeutic select demonstrate avoiding of severe side effects and
repairing the hormonal and enzymatic disturbance occurred during hard course of
metabolic alkalosis. A significant curing appears during the final events of therapeutic
logarithm will reflect the best choices for neutralizing alkalosis in blood of cattle (9).
Conclusion of our study proving that supposed therapeutic therapy was
effective in the correction and treatment of metabolic alkalosis in cows without less
side effects.
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Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference,College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Basrah,Iraq
268
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