- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
A Review of The Current Status of Migratory Wild Birds in Iraq and Syria | ||
| Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences | ||
| Article 18, Volume 12, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 131-142 PDF (1 M) | ||
| Document Type: Review Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33794/qjas.2022.133702.1041 | ||
| Authors | ||
| mahdi salih* 1; Omar Mardenli2; Tariq Salah Fathi Almrsomi3; Mohammed Rasoul Mahdi Jasim4 | ||
| 1animal production , facility of college , university of Al-Qadisiah , Iraq | ||
| 2College of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria. | ||
| 3College of Energy and Environmental Science, Alkarkkh University of Science, Iraq. | ||
| 4College of Agriculture, Animal Production Department, University of Al-Qadisiah, Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Iraq and Syria are among the countries that are frequented by wild birds in great numbers and species due to the abundance of water, green spaces, moderate climate in winter and the lack of predators. The two countries fall under the migration line of birds that stretches between East Asia and East Africa. The results of the survey, which were conducted nearly twenty years ago, indicated that there are at least 400 species of migratory birds coming to Iraq and Syria (The majority are from the Accipitres (Accipitridae) and passerines (Passeriformes)). In Iraq, the marshes (Al-Ahwar) are inhabited by species of birds that are rare in other parts of the world like the Iraq Babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) and the rocking reed of Basra (Acrocephalus griseldis). The rare endangered Namaqua Dove (Oena Capensis) was seen in the Syrian Badia. Recently, the status of the deputed birds has decreased in terms of numbers and species due to a set of reasons, the most important of which is the phenomenon of over-hunting, which has negatively affected the numbers of birds, especially birds that are threatened with extinction and included in the red list such as the Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca) and the Eurasian teal (Anas Crecca). The demographic fluctuation and war conditions have led to the reluctance of some species to come to Iraq and Syria and change the course of their migration to other places. The emergence of some non-traditional methods of hunting by bird hunters, such as the establishment of artificial waterbodies to attract waterfowl, led to an unprecedented decline in the numbers of these birds. The lack of legal oversight, lack of accountability, and the tendency of bird hunters to hunt in uncontrolled areas increased the great damage to wild birds in particular and to wildlife in general. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Wild birds; migration; Iraq; Syria | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] Salewski, V., Bruderer, B. 2007. The evolution of bird migration—a synthesis. Naturwissenschaften, 94(4):268–279. [2] Mettke-Hofmann, C., Greenberg, R. 2005. Behavioral and cognitive adaptations to long-distance migration. In: Greenberg R, Marra PP (eds) Birds of two worlds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 114–123. [3] McKnight, A., Allyn, A.J., Duffy, D.C., David, B., Irons,1.2013. ‘Stepping stone’ pattern in. [4] FAO. 2001. Agricultural revitalization assessment and project formulation. Draft document.26. [5] FAO. 2010. Drought changes over last five decades in Syria. Draft document. 7. [6] Salim, M., Porter, R., Rubec, C.2009. A summary of birds recorded in the marshes of southern Iraq, 2005–2008. BioRisk, 3: 205–219 [7] Salloum, H. 2020. The Birds of Syria. Arab America. https://www.arabamerica.com/the-birds-of-syria). [8] Philip, S. J., Pritpal, S. S.1999. "Guidelines for Subspecific Substitutions in Wildlife Restoration Projects". Conserv. Biol, 13 (1): 177–184. [9] James, C. 2007. The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9. [10] Murdoch, D. A. 2008. "A Checklist of the Birds of Syria". Sandgrouse. Supplement. 2:18–19. [11] Zayed, M.S. 2008. Les oiseaux de l'Egypte et du Moyen-Orient. ADCOM, Dar el Kutub, 144 p.p [12] Hengeveld, R. 1994. Biogeographical analysis in birds. Ed.: E.J.M. [13] Zalakevicius, M.2000. Global Climate Change, Bird Migration And Bird Strike Problems. International Bird Strike Committee, 17-21 [14] Kooijman, S.A.L.M. 1994. Effects of temperature on birds. Ed.: E.J.M. [15] Dhama, K., Mahendran, M., and Tomar, S. 2008. Pathogens Transmitted by Migratory Birds. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 3,095 PDF Download: 698 |
||