Study the Growth of Apatite Layer on Biodegradable Glass as Bioactive Scaffolds

Dhary, Zainab I.; Atiyah, Alaa A.; Farid, Saad B. H.

doi:10.30684/etj.2021.131678.1048

	Study the Growth of Apatite Layer on Biodegradable Glass as Bioactive Scaffolds
Engineering and Technology Journal
Article 8, Volume 40, Issue 6, 2022, Pages 892-900 PDF (1.5 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2021.131678.1048
Authors
Zainab I. Dhary^* ¹; Alaa A. Atiyah²; Saad B. H. Farid¹
¹Materials Engineering Dept, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.
²Materials Engineering Dept, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a Street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract
Bioglass offers a variety of uses for tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and chemical composition, similar to a mineral portion of the body. The synthesis of bioglass 13-93 scaffold was achieved by salt leaching technique, and potassium chloride (KCl) was used as porogen with particle sizes of (200-250) μm. Then, sintering to 750 ◦C for around 1 hour was performed. The resultant materials were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They were immersed in a solution of simulated body fluids (SBF) for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Initially, calcium phosphate was created. After 7 and 14 days, the surface comprised of developed crystalline apatite. The bioactivity of scaffolds that were created and examined. The FTIR, SEM, and XRD experiments were done before and after immersion of the sample in SBF. The results showed that the scaffolds contained open and interconnected pores with porosities ranging between (75-78%). The maximum value of compressive strength of the prepared scaffold was about 5.6MPa. Based on the obtained results, the glass scaffolds can be considered promising for bone defects and replacement applications
Highlights
The maximum compressive strength of the bioglass scaffold was found to be about 5.6MPa. The prepared scaffold of bioglass has open porosity and interconnection ranging from about 75 to 78 %. The glass scaffolds can be considered promising for bone defects and replacement applications.
Keywords
Bioglass 13-93; bioactivity; bone regeneration; Scaffold; porosity

References
[1] P Giannoudis, H Dinopoulos, E Tsiridis, Bone substitutes: an update, Injury, 36S (2005) 20–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2005.07.029. [2] C Laurencin, Y Khan, S El-Amin, Bone graft substitutes, Expert Rev Med Devices, 3 (2006) 49–57. doi: 10.1586/17434440.3.1.49 [3] L Griffith LG, Polymeric biomaterials, Acta Mater, 48 (2000) 263–77. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00299-2. [4] M grawal, B Ray, Biodegradable polymer scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, J Biomed Mater Res., 55 (2001) 141–50. doi: 10.1002/1097-4636(200105)55:23.0.co;2-j. [5] E. Groeneveld, J Bergh, P. Holzmann, C Bruggenkate, D. Tuinzing, and E Burger, Mineralization Processes in Demineralized Bone Matrix Grafts in Human Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevations, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 48 (1999) 393–402. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(1999)48:43.0.co;2-c. [6] S Kadhum, S Salih, F Hashim, Preparation and characterization of polymer blend and nano composite materials based on PMMA used for bone tissue regeneration, Engineering and Technology Journal, 38 (2020) 501-509. doi: 10.30684/etj.v38i4A.383. [7] P Sepulveda, F Ortega, M Innocentini, V Pandolfelli, Properties of Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite Obtained by the Gelcasting of Foams, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 83 (2000) 3021–3024. doi: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01677.x. [8] J Oleiwi, Q. Hamad, N Kadhim, Study Compression, Hardness and Density properties of PMMA Reinforced by Natural Powder Used in Denture Base applications, Engineering and Technology Journal, 37 (2019) 522-527. doi: 10.30684/etj.37.12A.5. [9] A Goldstein, V Patil, R Moalli , Perspectives on tissue engineering of bone, Clin Orthop Rel Res., 357 (1999) 419–23. doi. 10.1038/nbt0398-247. [10] N Collins MN, C Birkinshaw, Hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for tissue engineering – a review, Carbohydr Polym., 92 (2013) 1262–1279. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.028. [11] U Kneser, J Schaefer, B Munder, C Klemt, C Andree, B Stark, Tissue engineering of bone, Minim Invasiv Ther. 11 (2022) 107–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031054. [12] L Hench, Bioceramics, Am Ceram Soc., 81 (1998) 1014-1017. doi: 10.4236/njgc.2013.31003. [13] A. Mohammed, J Oleiwi, E Al-Hassani, Influence of Nanocermic on Some Properties of Polyetheretherketone Based Biocomposites, Engineering and Technology Journal, 38 (2020) 1126-1136. doi: 10.30684/etj.v38i8A.703. [14] C Gerhardt, R Boccaccini, Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Materials, 3 (2011) 3867–910. doi: 10.3390/ma3073867. [15] F Baino, C Vitale-Brovarone, Three-dimensional glass-derived scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: current trends and forecasts for the future, J Biomed Mater Res A., 97 (2011) 514–535. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.33072. [16] R Jones, Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids, Acta Biomater, 9 (2013) 4457–86. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.023. [17] F Baino, E Verné, C Brovarone, 3-D high strength glass-ceramic scaffolds containing fluoroapatite for load-bearing bone portions replacement, Mater Sci. Eng. C., 29 (2009) 2055–2062. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.biblio.polito.it/10.1016/j.msec.2009.04.002. [18] X Liu, N Rahaman, Q Fu, P Tomsia , Porous and strong bioactive glass (13–93) scaffolds prepared by unidirectional freezing of camphene-based suspensions, Acta Biomater, 8 (2012) 415–423. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.07.034. [19] D Doiphode, S Huang, C Leu, N Rahaman, E Day, Freeze extrusion fabrication of 13–93 bioactive glass scaffolds for bone repair, J Mater Sci Mater Med., 22 (2011) 515–23. doi: 10.1007/s10856-011-4236-4. [20] S Huang, D Doiphode, N Rahaman, C Leu, S Bal, E Day, Porous and strong bioactive glass (13–93) scaffolds prepared by freeze extrusion fabrication, Mater Sci Eng C., 31 (2011) 415-423. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.07.034. [21] A Deliormanli A, N Rahaman, Direct-write assembly of silicate and borate bioactive glass scaffolds for bone repair, J Eur Ceram Soc., 32 (2012) 3637–3646. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.05.005. [22] Q Fu , E Saiz , P Tomsia, Bioinspired strong and highly porous glass scaffolds, Adv Funct Mater, 21 (2011) 1058–1063. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002030. [23] Q Fu, E Saiz, N Rahaman, P Tomsia, Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: state of the art and future perspectives, Mater Sci Eng C., 31 (2011) 1245–56. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.04.022. [24] A Mehatlaf, A Atiyah, S Farid An Experimental Study of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Bioactivity in Biomedical Applications, Engineering and Technology Journal, 39 (2021) 977-985. ndoi: 10.30684/etj.v39i6.2059. [25] Q Fu,E Saiz, P Tomsia, Direct ink writing of highly porous and strong glass scaffolds for load-bearing bone defects repair and regeneration, Acta Biomater, 7 (2011) 3547–3554. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.030. [26] Z Al-Asadia, , F Al-Hasani, Effect of and Deposition on Biological Behavior of Ti-Base Alloys, Engineering and Technology Journal, 39 (2021) 573-585. [26] doi: 10.30684/etj.v39i4A.1906. [27] T. Kokubo and H. Takadama, How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials, 27 (2006) 2907–2915. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017. [28] R Heijkants and T Van, polyurethane scaffold formation via a combination of salt leaching and thermally induced phase separation, J. Biomedical materials research, 87 (2008) 921-32. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31829. [29] H Fu, Q Fu , N Zhou , W Huang, M. Rahaman , D Wang , X Liu, In vitro evaluation of borate-based bioactive glass scaffolds prepared by a polymer foam replication method’, Materials Science and Engineering, 29 (2009) 2275–228. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2009.05.013. [30] A Davidson, A Popa, M. Giazzon, M. Liley, L. Ploux, The interaction of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometre scale, Acta Biomaterial, 6 92010) 3824–3846. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.001. [31] S. Kenny and M. Buggy, Bone cements and fillers: a review, J. of Mat. Sci., 14 (2003) 923-938. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026394530192. [32] S. Mandel, and A. Tas, Brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) to octacalcium phosphate (Ca8 (HPO4)2(PO4)4·5H2O) transformation in DMEM solutions, Materials Science and Eng., 30 (2010) 245–254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.10.009. [33] R. Horváthová, L. Müller, A. Helebrant and F. Müller, In vitro transformation of OCP into Carbonated HA under physiological conditions, Materials Science and Eng., 28 (2008) 1414– 1419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34044. [34] Q Fu , M Rahaman, B Bal, W Huang, D Day, Preparation and bioactive characteristics of a porous 13-93 glass, and fabrication into the articulating surface of a proximal tibia, J. of Biomedical Materials Research, 82 (2007) 222-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31156. [35] G Luo, Y Ma, X Cui, L Jiang, M Wu, Y Hu, Y Luo, H Pana, C Ruan,. 13-93 bioactive glass/alginate composite scaffolds 3D printed under mild conditions for bone regeneration, RSC Advances, 7 (2017) 11880. doi: 10.1039/c6ra27669e. [36] J Chena, L Zengb, X feng, C Tianshun, L Zheng, Preparation and characterization of bioactive glass tablets and evaluation of bioactivity and cytotoxicity in vitro, Bioact Mater, 3 (2017) 315-321. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.11.004. [37] X Liu, M Rahaman, G Hilmasa, B Balc, Mechanical properties of bioactive glass (13-93) scaffolds fabricated by robotic deposition for structural bone repair, Acta Biomaterialia, 9 (2013) 7025-7034. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.026.
Statistics Article View: 332 PDF Download: 426