- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Sustainable High-Performance Concrete Reinforced with Hybrid Steel Waste Fibers | ||
| Engineering and Technology Journal | ||
| Article 7, Volume 40, Issue 11, 2022, Pages 1412-1421 PDF (820.81 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.30684/etj.2021.131833.1063 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zainab A. Jabbar* ; Wassan I. Khalil | ||
| Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This research aims to study the benefit of using fibers made from waste materials in concrete and evaluate the ability to use these fibers as a substitute for commercial fibers. Different aspect ratios of alternative fibers formed from cut steel tied wire waste were utilized. This material is selected because of its low price and wide availability. Two concrete mixes with 15% waste crushed clay brick coarse aggregate reinforced with different volume fractions of 1.0 and 1.5% and an aspect ratio of 40 were prepared. Also, three concrete mixes reinforced with a hybrid aspect ratio of 40 and 65 of tied wire waste steel fibers (TWWSF) with different volume fractions of 1.0% and 1.5% were prepared. The compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of all prepared concrete mixes were tested. The results illustrate that the inclusion of tied wire waste steel fibers significantly enhances the strength of concrete with 15% waste crushed clay brick coarse aggregate, and high-performance concrete with compressive strength of up to 85 MPa can be produced. The enhancement in compressive, splitting, and flexural strengths were 29%, 42.8%, and 38%, respectively, for concrete reinforced with a fiber aspect ratio of 40 and volume fraction of 1.5%. In comparison, for the same volume fraction, the percentage was 22%, 48%, and 44%, respectively, for equal content of hybrid aspect ratio of 40 and 65. | ||
Highlights | ||
| ||
| Keywords | ||
| Recycled aggregate; Crushed clay bricks; Fiber-reinforced concrete; Tie wire waste; Recycled fiber; Hybrid aspect ratio | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] C. Becchio, S. Corgnati, A. Kindinis, and S. Pagliolico, Improving environmental sustainability of concrete products: investigation on MWC thermal and mechanical properties, Energy and Buildings, 41 (2009) 1127–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.05.013 [2] V. M. Malhotra, Role of supplementary cementing materials and superplasticizers in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, Proceedings of ICFRC International Conference on Fiber Composites, High-Performance Concrete, and Smart Materials 2004. [3] P. B. Cachim, Mechanical properties of brick aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 23 (2009) 1292–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.07.023 [4] I. Kesegić, I. Netinger, and D. Bjegović, Recycled clay brick as an aggregate for concrete: overview, Teh. Vjesn., 15 (2008) 35–40. [5] M. F. Ahmed, W. I. Khalil, and Q. J. Frayyeh, Thermal insulation enhancement of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete using waste clay brick, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 842 (2020) 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/842/1/012009 [6] W. I. Khalil, Q. J. Frayyeh, and M. F. Ahmed, Characteristics of eco-friendly metakaolin based geopolymer concrete pavement bricks, Eng. Technol. J., 38 (2020) 1706–1716. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i11A.1699 [7] J. Yang, Q. Du, and Y. Bao, Concrete with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed clay bricks, Constr. Build. Mater., 25 (2011) 1935–1945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.063 [8] Aliabdo, A. A., Abd-Elmoaty, A. M., and Hassan, H. H., Utilization of crushed clay brick in concrete industry, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53 (2014) 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2013.12.003 [9] M. Adamson, A. Razmjoo, and A. Poursaee, Durability of concrete incorporating crushed brick as coarse aggregate, Construction and Building Materials, 94 (2015) 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.056 [10] H. M. Mahdi, Properties and behavior of reinforced concrete panels containing waste materials, M. Sc. Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, 2020. [11] R. Bhanbhro, A. Memon, A. Ansari, A. Shah, and B. Memon, Properties evaluation of concrete using local used bricks as coarse aggregate, Engineering,.6 (2014) 211-216. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2014.65025 [12] V. Afroughsabet and T. Ozbakkaloglu, Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers, Construction and Building Materials, 94 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.051 [13] Y. Mohammadi, S. P. Singh, and S. K. Kaushik, Properties of steel fibrous concrete containing mixed fibres in fresh and hardened state, Construction and Building Materials, 22 (2008) 956–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.004 [14] F. Altun and B. Aktaş, Investigation of reinforced concrete beams behavior of steel fiber added lightweight concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 38 (2013) 575–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.022 [15] ACI Committee 544.3R-93. Guide for specifying, proportioning,mixing, placing and finishing steel fiber reinforced concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, 1993. [16] Rossi, P., Acker, P., Malier, Y., Effect of steel fibers on two stages: the material and the structure, Materials and Structures, 20 (1987) 436-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472494 [17] K. Aghaee, M. A. Yazdi, and K. D. Tsavdaridis, Investigation into the mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete reinforced with waste steel wires, Mag. Concr. Res., 67 (2015) 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.14.00232 [18] M. K. Askar, M. H. Selman, S. I. Mohammed, Mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with alternative fibers, Brittle Matrix Compos. 7, 23 (2020) 223–232. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2020.23.1.16 [19] L. Vandewalle. Ductility of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. In Measuring, Monitoring and Modeling Concrete Properties, Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S., Ed.; Springer: : Berlin, Germany, 2006. [20] Z. M. Hussein, W. I. Khalil, Hisham, and K. Ahmed, Impact strength and shrinkage of sustainable fiber reinforced crushed brick aggregate concrete, Mater. Today Proc., 42 (2021) 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.818 [21] Iraqi Standard, IQS No. 5, Portland cement Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, 1984. [22] Iraqi Standard, IQS No.45, Aggregate from natural sources for concrete and construction, 1984, (in Arabic) . [23] ASTM C494, Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2015. [24] Iraqi Specification, No.23, Standard Sieves, 1980, (in Arabic) [25] M. O. F. Action, T. Applications, and T. Properties, MasterGlenium ® 54. [26] BS 1881, Part 116, Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes, British Standards Institution, London, 1989. [27] ASTM C469, Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2015. [28] ASTM C78, Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2015. [29] ASTM C642, Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete, ASTM International, United States, Annu. B. ASTM Stand., March, 2015. [30] ASTM C597, Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2015. [31] M. Hassanpour, P. Shafigh, and, H.B. Mahmud, Lightweight aggregate concrete fiber reinforcement- a review, Construction and Building Materials, 37 (2012) 452-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.071 [32] O. H. Zinkaah, Influence of steel fibers on the behavior of lightweight concrete made from crushed clay bricks, American Journal of Civil Engineering, 2 (2014) 109-116. [33] D. T. S. Mayara, D. G. Cocco, V.V. M. Bandeira, E. L. Kosteski, and M. Ederli, Steel fibers addition effect on tensile strength of concrete, 4th Brazilian conference on composite materials, BCCM4, Rio de Janeiro, July 22nd-25th, 2018. [34] P. Shafigh, H. Mahmud, and, M.Z. Jumaat Effect of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight concrete, Materials and Design, 32 (2011) 3926–3932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.055 [35] E.T. Dawood, and M. Ramli, Contribution of hybrid fibers on the properties of high strength concrete having high workability, Construction and Building Materials, 14 (2011) 814-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.103 [36] E.T. Dawood, and M. Ramli, Mechanical Properties of high strength flowing concrete with hybrid fibers, Construction and Building Materials, 28 (2012) 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.057 [37] A. A. Jhatial, S. Sohu, N. K. Bhatti, M. T. Lakhiar, and R. Oad, Effect of steel fibres on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete, International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 5 (2018) 16-21. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.10.003 [38] A. A. Y. Saputra, S. A. Salih, S. K. Rejeb, and K. B. Najem, The effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of high performance concrete, Al- Rafidain Engineering, 13 (2005) 321–325. https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2005.46202 [39] M. Hassanpour, P. Shafigh, and H. Bin Mahmud, Mechanical properties of structural lightweight aggregate concrete containing low volume steel fiber, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 39 (2014) 3579–3590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1023-9 | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 477 PDF Download: 457 |
||