1Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine،University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
2*Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis and acute kidney injury outbreaks in pet animals During 2007- 2008, animals and humans from many nations were Linked with melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity. Melamine and cyanuric acid since then, The pathogenic process includes melamine and melamine precipitation, and Cyanuric acid forms crystals in the distal renal tubules, which, in turn, Inflicting kidney damage. Melamine and co-exposure Also, cyanuric acid has been reported to worsen renal toxicity. Alone, with melamine or cyanuric acid. Besides nephrotoxicity, Recent animal experiments have shown the potential for endocrine and neurotoxic impact. Melamine. pet-food and human-food safety accidents occurred worldwide causing infants, cats, dogs, and pigs to suffer diseases and deaths. Veterinary testing laboratories helped classify melamine and melamine analogs as pollutants in affected foods in dogs and cats.