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CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND HORMONAL HOMEOSTASIS IN ANIMALS: A REVIEW | ||
| Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research | ||
| Article 12, Volume 20, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 128-137 PDF (552.62 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.23975/bjvetr.2031.175862 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zainab AL-Mousawi* 1; Measem Alallawee2; Sawsan Ali3 | ||
| 1* Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Basrah University, Basrah. Iraq. | ||
| 2*Department of Veterinary public health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Basrah University, Basrah. Iraq. | ||
| 3*Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Basrah University, Basrah. Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Circadian rhythms modify many physiological and behavioral mechanisms, include cycles of sleep-wake, the release of hormones, and metabolism. with an average period, a duration of 24 hours. Environmental disturbance of the daily rhythms might results in negative effects on animal health consequences in animals, and human involved in shift work. The neural system controls circadian rhythms consisting of a biological clock, input pathways, and output pathways. Within the anterior hypothalamus, a biological clock has arisen from the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Rods, cones, and a population of naturally photosensitive retinal ganglion cells sense light for circadian entrainment. A highly conserved set of genes, collectively called "clock genes," also controls circadian rhythms. Also, the pineal gland of birds has one or more circadian oscillators which play an important part in the overall temporal organization. The most common diseases involve variations in circadian rhythms, and circadian dysfunction is also a causative factor for other chronic diseases. Despite strong development in the past 20 years in discovering circadian mechanisms, much residual to be learned about circadian clocks. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Circadian; Melatonin; Cortisol | ||
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