- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
CALCIUM CARBONATES EFFECT ON PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND TEXTURE CLASSES IN CALCAREOUS SOILS IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE. | ||
| Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences | ||
| Article 1, Volume 19, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 131-142 PDF (1.14 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2021.175868 | ||
| Author | ||
| S. M. Karim* | ||
| University of Sulaimani - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This experiment was carried out to study the effect of removal of CaCO3 on particle size distribution (PSD) and texture classes in some soils in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Thirty four soil samples were collected from different calcareous soil horizons. These soils were analyzed for CaCO3 and the carbonates were ranged from 51.9 and 42.63 g kg-1. The three weighted soil textures (sand, silt and clay) were determined before any removal of the CaCO3 and after the removal of CaCO3. The sand fraction ranged from 87.6 to 316.0 g gk-1 while the clay fraction ranged from 237.7 to 614.7 g kg-1 and the silt fraction was slightly higher than clay fraction. The results showed that removal of CaCO3 led to a change in PSD in all the samples and 85% of those changed textural class. The carbonates did not show a uniform distribution in soil particle size and generally carbonates were most accumulated in sand and silt size. The soil had the most prevalent PSA change in the silt and sand fractions following CaCO3 removal. The maximum significant correlation between particle size distribution before and after carbonates removal was related to clay particles (P< 0.01) but the correlation was not significant between the silt components. Therefore, we recommend that all calcareous soil samples from the semiarid be pretreated for CaCO3 removal prior to particle-size analysis and subsequent textural classification. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Calcium Carbonates; Particle Size; Calcareous Soils and Sulaimani | ||
| References | ||
|
1 Abedi, M. J., and Talibudeen, O. (1974). The calcareous soils of azerbaijan. i catena development related to the distribution and surface properties of soil carbonate. Journal of Soil Science, 25(3): 357-372.
2-Al-Hadidi, A. A. P. (2000). Evaluation of the water quality of some springs and their effect on the soil chemical properties in Nineveh Governorate. Master Thesis - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul.
3-AL-Kaysi, S. C. (1983). Physical and chemical characterization of carbonate minerals in Iraqi soils. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Soil Science, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K.
4-Ahmed, M. Ibrahim, M. M. M. Suleiman, H. Nasser, Dafalla, M. S., and Ibrahim, S. I. (2017). Intrinsic Problems in Determination of Soil Texture in Calcareous Soils of Arid Zones. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 6(8): 76-80.
5-Al-Saedy, N. Hassan, S. Abdul-Razaq, I. and Al-Kaysi, S. (2003). Physical distribution of carbonate minerals and its effect on particle size distribution of soils. Iraqi Journal Agriculture, 8: 146-153.
6-Asgari Hafshejani, N. and Jafar, S. (2017). The study of particle size distribution of calcium carbonate and its effects on some soil properties in Khuzestan Province. Iran Agricultural Research, 36(2): 71-80.
7-Deb, B. C. and Chadha, S. P. (1979). Mechanical analysis of calcareous soil and distribution of different calcium carbonate in various fractions. Indian journal of Soil Science, 18: 227-232.
8-Doner, H. E. and Grossl, P. R. (2002). Carbonates and evaporates. pp. 199-228. In J.B. Dixon D and Schulze D G. Soil mineralogy with environmental application. SSSA Book Ser. 7. SSSA. Madison. WI.
9-FAO. (2016). FAO Soils Portal: Management of Calcareous Soils (accessed 01.04.16).
10-Finkl, Jr. C.W. and Fairbridge, R.W. (1979). Paleogeographic evolution of a rifted cratonic margin: SW Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 26: 221-252.
11-Francis, R. E. and Aguilar, R. (1995). Calcium-carbonate effects on soil textural class in semiarid wildland soils. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 9: 155-165.
12-Gee, G. W. and Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: A. Klute (Ed.). Method of soil analysis. Part, 3, 383-411.
13-Gee, W. G. and Or, D. (2002). Particle-Size Analysis. pp. 255–293. In: Dane, J. and G.C. Topp, (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Book Series: 5. Part 4. Soil Science Society of America. USA.
14-Hussein, M. K. Bushra, A J. Aljawasim, B. D. Al-khaikani, S. A. M. and Mohsen, A. A. (2020). Tillers patterns of bread wheat and grain yield productivity under abiotic stress. Plant Archives, 20(2): 2020. E-ISSN: 2581-6063 (online), ISSN: 0972-5210.
15-Karim, T. H. and Sulaiman, M. S. (1987). Change in some physical properties of some calcareous soils in the north part of Iraq as affected by decalcification. Iraqi Journal of Agriculture Science ZANKO.5:83-93.
16-Kassim, J. K. (2013). Methods for estimation of calcium carbonate in soils from Iraq. International Journal of Environment, 1(1): 9-19.
17-Kishchuk, B. E. (2000). Calcareous soil, their properties and potential limitation of conifer growth in southeastern British Columbia and western Alberta: a literature review. Canadian Forest Service Publications. Inf. Rep. NOR-X370.
18-Kroetsch, D. and Wang, C. (2006). Particle size distribution. In: Carter, M.R., Gregorich, E.G. (Eds.), Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. CRC Press Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 713–725.
19-Loeppert, R. and Suarez, D. (1996). Carbonate and gypsum. In: D.I., Sparks, A. L. Page. F.A. Helmke, R.H. Loeppert, P.N. Soltanpour, M.A. Tabatabai, C.T. Johnson and M.E. Sumner, (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 Chemical Methods. SSSA Special Publication No. 5. Madison. WI, 437-474.
20-Moore, T. J. Hartwing, R. C. and Loeppert, R. H. (1990). Steady-state procedure for determining the effective particle size distribution of soil carbonates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54: 55-59.
21-Richards, L. A. (1969). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agriculture Handbook 50. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
22-Richard, E. F. and Richard, A. (1995). Calcium carbonate effects on soil textural class in semi-arid wildl and soils. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 9 (2):155-165.
23-Sabbah, A. Gorji, M. Rafahi, H. and Shahooe, S. (1999). Relationship between soil erodibility factors (K in USLE) with aggregate stability in major soil series of Qazvin. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 30: 596-609.
24-Soil survey staff. (2014). Key to soil taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys, (12st Ed.). Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington DC, USA, pp. 869.
25-Zhang, X. C. and Norton, L. D. (2002). Effect of exchangeable Mg on saturated hydraulic conductivity, disaggregation and clay dispersion of disturbed soils. Journal of Hydrology, 260: 194-205. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,370 PDF Download: 755 |
||