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Vaccines against Coronavirus Type 19: An Overview | ||
| Al- Anbar Medical Journal | ||
| Article 1, Volume 19, Issue 1, June 2023, Pages 1-2 PDF (253.44 K) | ||
| Document Type: Editorial article | ||
| DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.136549.1007 | ||
| Author | ||
| Makwan Abdulkareem* | ||
| Psychiatric Registrar, Sulaimani Mental Health Center, Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani Directorate of Health, 27 New St, Zone 209, Sulaimani - Kurdistan Region, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Vaccines are biological agents that provide immunity against certain diseases [1]. Vaccination is an effective technique for prevention of infection and control outbreak of a wide range of infectious diseases (https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/344476). Several types of vaccines are available, including; live-attenuated, inactivated, messenger RNA (mRNA), toxoid, and viral vector, or in the form of subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, or conjugate vaccines [2]. Weill Hallé and Raymond Turpin used BCG vaccine on human for first time at 1921 [3]. The process of developing a new vaccine is very complex and takes around 11-19 years till marketing approval [4]. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Vaccines; COVID-19; Messenger-RNA | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] X. Dai, Y. Xiong, N. Li, and C. Jian, “Vaccine types,” in Vaccines-the History and Future, IntechOpen, 2019.
[2] F. Zepp, “Principles of vaccination,” Vaccine Des. Methods Protoc. Vol. 1 Vaccines Hum. Dis., pp. 57–84, 2016.
[3] J. A. Barcat, I. N. Kantor, and V. Ritacco, “One hundred years of BCG vaccine,” Med. (B Aires), vol. 81, pp. 1007–1014, 2021.
[4] W. P. Von Wartburg, “Improving drug safety: a joint responsibility,” Int. J. Risk Saf. Med., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 153–156, 1990.
[5] R. Dal-Ré et al., “Ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: challenges and opportunities,” Lancet Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 11, pp. e342–e347, 2021.
[6] Z. A. Abdulla, S. M. Al-Bashir, N. S. Al-Salih, A. A. Aldamen, and M. Z. Abdulazeez, “A summary of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and technologies available or under development,” Pathogens, vol. 10, no. 7, p. 788, 2021.
[7] A. Bilal et al., “Comparison of Different Covid-19 Vaccines Globally: An Overview,” J Gynecol Women’s Heal., vol. 21, p. 556071, 2021.
[8] D. Kudlay and A. Svistunov, “COVID-19 vaccines: an overview of different platforms,” Bioengineering, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 72, 2022.
[9] A. Al-Ani, “COVID-19 Variants and Vaccine Benefits-Risks Balance,” Al-Anbar Med. J., vol. 17, no. 2, 2021. | ||
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