Mathematical Model of Properties and Experimental Fatigue Investigation at Elevated Temperatures of Functionally Gradient Materials

Al-hadrayi, Ziadoon M.R; Al-Khazraji, Ahmed N.; Shandookh, Ahmed A.

doi:10.30684/etj.2023.137509.1352

	Mathematical Model of Properties and Experimental Fatigue Investigation at Elevated Temperatures of Functionally Gradient Materials
Engineering and Technology Journal
Article 5, Volume 41, Issue 7, 2023, Pages 940-953 PDF (2.13 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2023.137509.1352
Authors
Ziadoon M.R Al-hadrayi^* ¹; Ahmed N. Al-Khazraji²; Ahmed A. Shandookh³
¹Mechanical Engineering Department/University of Technology/Baghdad
²Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq
³Mechanical Engineering Department-UOT-IRAQ
Abstract
Fatigue that occurs at elevated temperatures is called thermal fatigue. High temperatures and cycling loads cause thermal fatigue that can cause component failures. In this paper, induced the mathematical models for functionally gradient materials and three models of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) manufactured by permanent casting were tested to predict their thermal fatigue life. FGMs have been tested to determine the effect of fatigue and temperature interactions. FGMs models were of FGM1, FGM2, and FGM3 respectively, with the following volume fractions and gradations: [100%Al-50%Al50%Zn-50%Zn50%Al-100%Zn], [100%Al-30%Zn70%Al-70%Zn30%Al-100%Zn] and [100%Al-70%Zn30%Al-30%Zn70%Al-100%Zn]. The experimental procedure presented the mechanical properties as modulus of elasticity at two levels of temperatures (80 ^oC, and 160 ^oC). Through the results of the tensile test at high temperatures, it was noted that the reduction percentage was high in the second type. This was especially for the yield strength value, where the percentage reached 43% at 160 °C. In the second type, the ultimate strength was affected more at 160 °C: the decrease percentage reached 33%, and the elastic modulus at the same temperature fell by 32%. The third type is the least affected at high temperatures, as the percentage of properties decrease at 160 °C reached 16, 17, and 16% for modulus of elasticity, ultimate strength, and yield strength, respectively. Fatigue strength is the most significant among the mechanical properties, where the highest value of the fatigue limit for the third type was experimentally 149.68 MPa. While the lowest value of fatigue strength was the second type, and at the same time, on the contrary, it was less affected at high temperatures, with a rate of 8%, which reached the decrease. The simulation results from the ANSYS program regarding fatigue at high temperatures were acceptable and gave reasonable variation ratios and were very close to the experimental results.
Highlights
Manufacturing of functionally graded materials by the permanent casting method was studied. Installing and equipping a fatigue tester with a thermal chamber was employed. Fatigue analysis for functionally gradient materials was conducted using ANSYS at elevated temperatures.
Keywords
Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs); Elevated temperature; Thermal Fatigue; Finite element analysis; and ANSYS program

References
[1] B. Kieback, A. Neubrand, H. Riedel, Processing techniques for functionally graded materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 362 (2003) 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00578-1 [2] M. Koizumi , M. Niino, Overview of FGM research in Japan, Mrs Bull., 20 (1995) 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400048867 [3] A. Mortensen , S. Suresh, Functionally graded metals and metal-ceramic composites: Part 1 Processing, Int. Mater. Rev., 40(1995) 239–265. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1995.40.6.239 [4] A. Mehditabar, G. H. Rahimi, S. E. Vahdat, Mechanical properties of Al 25 wt.% Cu functionally graded material, Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater., 26 (2019) 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2019-0014 [5] G. Mondal, P. K. Rout, G. Mohanty, B. Surekha, Characterization and Comparison of Functionally Graded Al/Mg and Al/Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites Manufactured by Die Casting, Adv. Man. Tec. Spr., (2019) 193–198. [6] T. Varghese, T. P. D. Rajan, B. C. Pai, Reciprocating wear analysis of magnesium-modified hyper-eutectic functionally graded aluminium composites, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 72(2019)1643–1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-019-01706-z [7] A. A. Atiyah, Fabrication, Characterization and Modeling of Al2o3/Ni Functionally Graded Materials, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 32 (2014). [8] A. H. Ataiwi, A. A. Atiyah, M. A. Madhloom, Mechanical Characteristics of Prepared Functionally Graded Cylinder by Centrifugal Casting, Eng. Tech. J., 32( 2014). [9] M. M. S. Shareef, A. N. Al-Khazraji, S. A. Amin, Flexural Properties of Functionally Graded Silica Nanoparticles, IOP Conf. Ser. Mat. Sci. Eng., 1094 (2021) 012174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1094/1/012174 [10] M. Shareef, A. N. Al-Khazraji, S. A. Amin, Flexural Properties of Functionally Graded Polymer Alumina Nanoparticles, Eng. Tec. J., 39 (2021) 821–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/ETJ.V39I5A.1949 [11] S. K. Sah , A. Ghosh, Influence of porosity distribution on free vibration and buckling analysis of multi-directional functionally graded sandwich plates, Compos. Struct., 279 (2022) 114795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114795 [12] E. K. Njim, S. H. Bakhy, M. Al-Waily, Analytical and numerical investigation of buckling behavior of functionally graded sandwich plate with porous core, J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 25 (2021) 339–347. https://doi.org/10.6180/jase.202204_25(2).0010 [13] K. S. K. Reddy, T. Kant, Three-dimensional elasticity solution for free vibrations of exponentially graded plates, J. Eng. Mech., 140 (2014) 4014047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000756 [14] S. Nikbakht, S. Kamarian, M. Shakeri, A review on optimization of composite structures Part II: Functionally graded materials, Compos. Struct., 214 (2019) 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.105 [15] A. Z.M. Rahi, A. N. Al-Khazraji, A. A. Shandookh, Mechanical properties investigation of composite FGM fabricated from Al/Zn, Open Eng., 12 (2022) 789–798. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0347 [16] I. Astm, ASTM E8/E8M-16a: Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA ASTM Int., 2016. [17] W. D. Callister, D. G. Rethwisch, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 7 (2007) John. Wiley . sons New York, [18] E. ASTM, 606–80 Constant-Amplitude Low-Cycle Fatigue Testing Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section, 3 (1986) 656–673. [19] Z. M. R. Al-Hadrayi, A. N. Al-Khazraji, A. A. Shandookh, Investigation of Fatigue Behavior for Al/Zn Functionally Graded Material, Mater. Sci. Forum., 1079 (2022) 49–56. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8umjsp
Statistics Article View: 292 PDF Download: 414