| The current research aimed to identify design thinking, and the differences at those levels according to demographic variables, gender (males, females), specialization (scientific, humanistic), scientific title (professor, assistant professor, teacher). The research community included faculty members at the University of Anbar For the academic year (2021/2022), which numbered (1701), a sample of (400) teachers and instructors were selected from them. Out of (50) paragraphs distributed on those (5) dimensions: (sympathy, identification, perception, model building, and testing), with (10) paragraphs for each field, and the alternatives were (applicable to a very large degree, and applicable to a large degree, And it applies to a medium degree, and it applies to me to a small degree, and it does not apply to me at all), and checking their psychometric properties, and after using the statistical means of the occasion, the research reached the following results: that the faculty members have high design thinking and statistically significant, and that there are no differences in Design thinking according to gender (male - female), and that there are no differences in In design thinking according to the specialization (scientific - humanistic), there are differences in design thinking according to the scientific title and in favor of the title (Professor). To complement the current research, the researcher presented, in light of the findings, a set of recommendations and suggestions. |
- Anastasi, A. (1976). Psychological Testing , 6th , New York, Macmillan Publishing Inc.
- Brown, T. (2009). Change by design: How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation. New York, NY:: Harpercollins.
- Caroline Verzat et Etienne saint Jean & Les autres , Accompagnement des entrepreneurs, Revue Entreprendre et Innover, (2014), n° 21, De Boeck superieur, P 5.
- Carroll, M., Goldman, S., Britos, L., Koh, J., Royalty, A., & Hornstein, M. (2010). Destination, imagination and the fires within: Design thinking in a middle school classroom. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 29(1), 37-53
- Choi, K. M. (2014). Opportunities to explore for gifted STEM students in Korea: from admissions criteria to curriculum. Theory into Practice, 53(1), 25-32.
- Cross, N., Dorst, K., & Roozenburg, N. (1992). Research in design Thinking. Delft University Press.
- Dbois, P. HD. (1962). Anote on the Computation of bi – Serial Rin Item
- Dorst, K. (2011). The core of ‘design thinking’ and its application.Design Studies, 32(6), 521–532
- Dunne, D., & Martin. R. (2006). Design thinking and how it will
change management education: An interview and discussion. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 5, 512–523.
- Dym, C. L., Agogino, A. M., Eris, O., Frey, D. D., & Leifer, L.
(2005). Engineering design thinking, teaching, and learning. Journal of Engineering Education, 94, 103–120.
- Edwards, A.1 (1957). Techniques of AttUDE Scale Construction . New York, Appleton, Country Crafts Inc .
- Melander, C. (2001). Developing the design skills of Danish businesses. Denmark: Danish Design Centre. Retrieved 2 28, 2017, from Design for Europe: http://designforeurope.eu/case study/danish-design-support-programmes.
- Mootee, I. (2011). Design Thinking for Creativity and Business
Innovation Series. Harvard Graduate School of Design Executive Education, 1-7.
- Nagai, Y., & Noguchi, H. (2003). An experimental study on the
design thinking process started from difficult keywords: Modeling the thinking process of creative design. Journal of Engineering Design, 14, 429–437.
- Papert, S., & Harel, I. (1991). Constructionism. Norwood, New Jersey: NJ, Ablex Publishing.
- Plattner, Hasso / Meinel, Christoph / Weinberg, Ulrich
(2009): Design-Thinking, mi-Wirtschaftsbuch, München p 30.
- Roth, B. (2017). Foreword. In S. V Goldman & Z. Kabayadondo (Eds.), Taking Design Thinking to School: How the Technology of Design Can Transform Teachers, Learners, and Classrooms
- Rotherham, A. J., & Willingham, D. (2009). To work, the 21st
century skills movement will require keen attention to curriculum, teacher quality, and assessment. Educational Leadership, 9,15–20.
- Shute, V. J., & Becker, B. J. (2010). Innovative assessment for the 21st century. NewYork, NY: Springer-Verlag.
- Shute, V. J., & Torres, R. (2012). Where streams converge:
Using evidence-centered design to assess Quest to Learn. In M. Mayrath, J. Clarke-Midura, & D. H. Robinson (Eds.), Technology-based assessments for 21st century skills: Theoretical and practical implications from modern research (pp. 91–124). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
- Thienen, J. P. A. von, Meinel, C. & Nicolai, C. (2017),Theoretical Foundations of Design Thinking Part I: John E. Arnold’s Creative Thinking Theories , pp 13- 28 . See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at : https://www.researchgate.net/ publication / 320674452
- Vakidation Psychometric, Vol, 17. No, 4PP : 143-146.
- Withell, A., & Haigh, N. (2013). Developing Design Thinking Expertise in Higher Education. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference for Design Education Researchers, Oslo.
- Abu Allam, Raja Anonymous (2011). Research Methods in Psychological and Educational Sciences, Universities Publishing House, Cairo
- Haroush, Rafiqa, and Noureddine, Haroush (2016). Design thinking is a method for developing scientific research in Algerian universities, Journal of Political and Administrative Research, Issue 6.
- Rizk, Hanan bint Abdullah (2018). The impact of a strategy based on the design thinking approach in teaching mathematics on the self-efficacy of middle school students in the city of Mecca, Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, Arab Educators Association, Issue 100, August, pp. 224-240.
- Al-Zamili, Ali Abd Jassim, Abdullah Al-Sarmi, Ali Kazem (2009). Concepts and applications in educational evaluation and measurement, Al-Falah Library for Publishing and Distribution, Kuwait.
- Abdel Rahman, Saad (1998). Psychometrics (Theory and Application), Amman: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi
- Al-Obaidi, Hazem Badri (2001). The effect of a training program to reduce psychological fatigue among workers in productive institutions, unpublished master’s thesis, College of Arts, University of Baghdad.
- Al-Atoum, Adnan Yousef, and others (2009). Developing thinking skills (theoretical models and practical applications), 2nd edition, Jordan, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
- Odeh, Ahmed Salman and Al-Khalili, Khalil Youssef. (1998). Statistics for the researcher in education and human sciences, Amman: Al-Fikr Library
- Odeh, Ahmed Salman and Al-Khalili, Khalil Youssef. (1998). Statistics for the researcher in education and human sciences, Amman: Al-Fikr Library
- Al-Issawi, Abdul Rahman Muhammad (1985). Measurement and Experimentation in Psychology and Education, Egypt, Dar Al-Ma’rifa for Publishing and Distribution
- Al-Kubaisi, Kamel Thamer (1995). The effect of differences in sample size and population on the discriminatory power of psychological scale items, an experimental study, University of Baghdad, College of Education / Ibn Rushd.
- Hammam, Ahmed Yasser Muhammad (2018). The effectiveness of a proposed unit in light of the STEM approach to develop design thinking in science among students in public language schools, Department of Curriculum and Teaching Methods, Faculty of Education - Helwan University.
|