A Critical Review on Relation Between Non-Destructive Tests and Pull-out Load of Imbedded Anchor Bolts in Concrete

Ahmed, Lawand Dyari; Mohammed, Azad Abdulqadir

doi:10.63463/kjes1098

	A Critical Review on Relation Between Non-Destructive Tests and Pull-out Load of Imbedded Anchor Bolts in Concrete
Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences (KJES)
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 145-171 PDF (1.46 M)
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.63463/kjes1098
Authors
Lawand Dyari Ahmed^* ; azad Abdulqadir Mohammed
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani
Abstract
Anchor bolts are widely utilized in numerous industries, including mechanical, building construction, and mining sectors. Anchor bolt uses range from the installation of permanent objects including hybrid constructions, illumination poles, and directional signs to the installation of temporary structures, such as the construction of formwork and safety netting. Several varieties of destructive testing instruments exist in the construction industry for determining the load-bearing capacity of concrete anchors. However, there has been a lack of attention to the development of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for the estimation of pull-out loads. This study highlights the limited research on evaluating the pull-out strength of embedded steel bolts in concrete using non-destructive tests and illustrates their relationship with each other. This critical review has demonstrated that embedded concrete anchor pull-out strength depends on alignment, embedment length, anchor bolt diameter, micro flaws, and bolt geometry. The embedment length of anchor bolts contributes much more to the improvement in pull-out strength than the bolt diameter. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) assessment and the Schmidt hammer (SH) assessment can be successfully used to monitor the quality of embedded anchor bolts in normal-strength concrete structures by identifying defective anchor bolts with porous bonds. Anchor bolts with insufficient bonding were found to have a lower rebound value and a prolonged ultrasonic pulse time of transit.
Keywords
Anchor bolt,,; ,،Pull-out strength,,; ,،Non-Destructive test (NDT),,; ,،Schmidt hammer (SH),,; ,،Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV)

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