Reasons for Preoperative Anxiety and Severity in Psychological Stress of Women Before Caesarean Section

Farhoud, Hadeel Fadel; AL-Hadrawi, Hayder H

doi:10.33899/mjn.2024.182198

	Reasons for Preoperative Anxiety and Severity in Psychological Stress of Women Before Caesarean Section
Mosul Journal of Nursing
Article 13, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 117-136 PDF (325.53 K)
Document Type: Original Articles
DOI: 10.33899/mjn.2024.182198
Authors
Hadeel Fadel Farhoud¹; Hayder H AL-Hadrawi²
¹Department of Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. Email: [email protected]
²Department of Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Preoperative fear is a common and neutral response of human beings as expecting surgery even if the surgery is significantly needed. Several factors cause preoperative stress or anxiety, which affects the physical and psychological health of people. Study aim: This study aims to measure the possible reasons for preoperative anxiety and the severity of psychological stress of women prior to cesarean section. Methods: The descriptive and comparative study design was used in a convenience sample of 120 pregnant women before cesarean section. The women were selected from the Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf province. The psychological stress level was measured using a brief measure of the emotional preoperative stress scale. Results: The study findings show that the level of psychological stress of women before cesarean delivery ranged from mild (56%) to moderate (43%). The study highlighted the importance of considering the increase in psychological stress levels for women prior to cesarean section and the need for more research into interventions that can reduce psychological stress. Conclusions and recommendations: Psychological stress during pregnancy negatively affects the health of women and their fetuses. Many antianxiety medications are contraindicated for pregnant women; therefore, it is recommended that people use a stress management intervention before any surgery to reduce surgery-related psychological stress
Keywords
Preoperative Fear; Psychological Stress; Cesarean Section
Supplementary Files 117.136.xml 117_Figure_1.jpg 117_Figure_2.jpg
References
Abarghoee, S. N., Mardani, A., Baha, R., Aghdam, N. F., Khajeh, M., Eskandari, F., & Vaismoradi, M. (2022). Effects of the Benson relaxation technique and music therapy on anxiety of primiparous women prior to cesarean section: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology research and practice, 2022.‏ Akutay, S., & Ceyhan, Ö. (2023). The relationship between fear of surgery and factors in surgical patients. Perioperative Medicine, 12(1), 1-8.‏ https://doi.org/10.1186/s13741-023-00316-0 Bakr, S. A., Ali, A. P. D. S. K., & Khudhr, A. P. D. S. A. (2014). Effect of age and Previous Surgery Experience on preoperative anxiety. Kufa Journal for Nursing Science Vol. 4 (1) https://doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20141.2457 Basu, S., Goswami, A. G., David, L. E. & Mudge, E. (2022). Psychological stress on wound healing: A silent player in a complex background. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 15347346221077571.‏https://doi.org/10.1177/15347346221077571 Bedaso, A. & Ayalew, M. (2019). Preoperative anxiety among adult patients undergoing elective surgery: A prospective survey at a general hospital in Ethiopia. Patient safety in surgery, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-019-0198-0 Celik, F., & Edipoglu, I.S. (2018). Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and fear of anaesthesia using the APAIS score. European Journal of Medical Research, 23(1), 1-10.‏ https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-018-0339-4 Hobel, C. J., Goldstein, A. M. Y., & Barrett, E. S. (2008). Psychosocial stress and pregnancy outcome. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 51(2), 333-348.‏ https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31816f2709 Jawaid, M., Mushtaq, A., Mukhtar, S., & Khan, Z. (2007). Preoperative anxiety before elective surgery. Neurosciences Journal, 12(2), 145-148.‏ https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9986587 Jiwanmall, M., Jiwanmall, SA, Williams, A., Kamakshi, S., Sugirtharaj, L., Poornima, K., & Jacob, K.S. (2020). Preoperative anxiety in adult patients undergoing day care surgery: Prevalence and associated factors. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 42(1), 87-92.‏ https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_180_19 Kaream, A., & Ali, R. (2021). Evaluation of pregnant women's knowledge and health behaviours regarding coronavirus disease precaution measures in primary health care centres in Baghdad City-Iraq. Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences, 11(2), 146-153.‏ https://doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20212.2058 Kiriakopoulos, N., Grigoriadis, S., Maziotis, E., Philippou, A., Rapani, A., Giannelou, P., ... & Simopoulou, M. (2019). Investigating the stress response during vaginal delivery and elective cesarean section through evaluation of cortisol, interleukin 6 (IL-6), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(8), 1112.‏ https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081112 Leardi, S., Pietroletti, R., Angeloni, G., Necozione, S., Ranalletta, G., & Del Gusto, B. (2007). A randomized clinical trial that examines the effect of music therapy on the stress response to day surgery. Journal of British Surgery, 94(8), 943-947.‏https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.5914 Levett, D. Z. H., & Grimmett, C. (2019). Psychological factors, pre-habilitation and surgical outcomes: evidence and future directions. Anesthesia, 74, 36-42.‏https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.14507 Sandall, J., Tribe, R. M., Avery, L., Mola, G., Visser, G. H., Homer, C. S., ... & Temmerman, M. (2018). Short- and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children. The Lancet, 392(10155), 1349-1357.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31930-5 Teckenberg-Jansson, P., Turunen, S., Pölkki, T., Lauri-Haikala, M. J., Lipsanen, J., Henelius, A., ... & Huotilainen, M. (2019). Effects of live music therapy on heart rate variability and self-reported stress and anxiety among hospitalized pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 28(1), 7-26.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2018.1546223 Vanahor, R. P. (2018). Psychological Effects of Caesarean Section on Mothers Delivered at Kenyatta National Hospital. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, 3972
Statistics Article View: 642 PDF Download: 356