Rasheed, N., Al-Khafaji, M., Alwan, I. (2024). Assessing the influence of climate change on sediment dynamics in the proposed makhool dam reservoir, Iraq. , 42(5), 604-614. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.146620.1690
Nisreen J. Rasheed; Mahmoud S. Al-Khafaji; Imzahim A. Alwan. "Assessing the influence of climate change on sediment dynamics in the proposed makhool dam reservoir, Iraq". , 42, 5, 2024, 604-614. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.146620.1690
Rasheed, N., Al-Khafaji, M., Alwan, I. (2024). 'Assessing the influence of climate change on sediment dynamics in the proposed makhool dam reservoir, Iraq', , 42(5), pp. 604-614. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.146620.1690
Rasheed, N., Al-Khafaji, M., Alwan, I. Assessing the influence of climate change on sediment dynamics in the proposed makhool dam reservoir, Iraq. , 2024; 42(5): 604-614. doi: 10.30684/etj.2024.146620.1690

Assessing the influence of climate change on sediment dynamics in the proposed makhool dam reservoir, Iraq

Engineering and Technology Journal
Volume 42, Issue 5, May 2024, Pages 604-614    PDF (963.41 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.146620.1690
Authors
Nisreen J. Rasheed* 1; Mahmoud S. Al-Khafaji2; Imzahim A. Alwan3
1Civil Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq. Civil Engineering Dept., University of Diyala, Baqubah 32001, Diyala, Iraq.
2Water Resources Engineering Dept., University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq.
3Civil Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.
Abstract
Makhool Dam is a proposed structure on the Tigris River in the Salah al-Din Governorate, northwest of Baiji. The reservoir's sediment sources encompass the Tigris River, the Greater Zab River, and the Lesser Zab River. Climate change exerts a significant influence on both sediment accumulation within the dam reservoir and associated water resources. This paper specifically investigates the impact of climate change on sediment dynamics within the Makhool Dam reservoir. HEC-RAS 6.3.1 has been used to simulate the sediment dynamics and flow for the three rivers entering the reservoir. The SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios were applied to the 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100 of 2021–2100. The calibration process of the model was performed using recorded water surface elevation measurements. The model was validated using the sediment concentrations at the proposed Makhool Dam. The sediment mass decreases along the rivers from upstream to downstream. The sediment mass is anticipated to decrease by approximately 20% and 35% from 2021 to 2100 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. For the studied future period, the estimated annual sediment deposition under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios is around 22×106 tons and 19×106 tons, respectively. In addition, under these scenarios, the potential life of the Makhool Reservoir is expected to be 95.7 and 109.5 years, respectively. The findings of this paper can play a vital role in supporting planners and decision-makers in performing efficient strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigating the impact of climate change.

Highlights
  • The impact of climate change on sediment transport in the Tigris River and its tributaries
  • Assessement on how sediment transport affects the design life of the makhool dam reservoir
  • The influence of the makhool dam reservoir on river flows is investigated
  • The research formulates adaptive strategies and implements measures to mitigate the consequences of climate change
Keywords
Climate change; Tigris River; Hydrodynamic; Sediment transport; Makhool Dam
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