Kareem, H. (2023). Molecular and Serological Detection of The Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in Intermediate Hosts (Women and Sheep) in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. , 22(Special issue: Proceedings for the Scientific Conference of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah (7th National/2nd International-2023)), 20-26. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2023.183453
Hussein Imran Kareem. "Molecular and Serological Detection of The Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in Intermediate Hosts (Women and Sheep) in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq". , 22, Special issue: Proceedings for the Scientific Conference of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah (7th National/2nd International-2023), 2023, 20-26. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2023.183453
Kareem, H. (2023). 'Molecular and Serological Detection of The Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in Intermediate Hosts (Women and Sheep) in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq', , 22(Special issue: Proceedings for the Scientific Conference of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah (7th National/2nd International-2023)), pp. 20-26. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2023.183453
Kareem, H. Molecular and Serological Detection of The Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in Intermediate Hosts (Women and Sheep) in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. , 2023; 22(Special issue: Proceedings for the Scientific Conference of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah (7th National/2nd International-2023)): 20-26. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2023.183453

Molecular and Serological Detection of The Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in Intermediate Hosts (Women and Sheep) in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences
Volume 22, Special issue: Proceedings for the Scientific Conference of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah (7th National/2nd International-2023), December 2023, Pages 20-26    PDF (307.89 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.29079/qjvms.2023.183453
Author
Hussein Imran Kareem
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a widespread parasite. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in ewes and women in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. Fifty-five blood samples were collected from women (16 non-pregnant, 20 pregnant, and 19 women with abortion), who attended the Maternity and Children Hospital, while 51 blood samples were collected from ewes (28 non-pregnant, 18 pregnant, and 5 ewes with abortion) from different areas of Al-Diwaniyah City. The latex agglutination and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests were employed to examine the presence of the Toxoplasma gondii. The results showed that T. gondii antibodies were detected in 40% of all tested women; however, 37.5%, 30%, and 52.63% of non-pregnant, pregnant, and women with abortion, respectively, revealed the presence of these antibodies. The outcomes revealed that there were no significant (p˃0.05) differences between the group of non-pregnant women and pregnant women, while the abortion group recorded a significant (p<0.05) difference with both groups. The findings of the ewes showed that T. gondii antibodies were detected in 33.33% of all tested ewes; however, 35.71%, 33.33%, and 20% of non-pregnant, pregnant, and ewes with abortion, respectively, revealed the presence of these antibodies. There were no significant (p˃0.05) differences between the group of non-pregnant and pregnant ewes, while the abortion group recorded significant (p<0.05) differences with both groups. The RT-PCR was significantly (p˂0.05) effective in detecting the presence of T. gondii in the blood samples of ewes and women as 9 (17.7%) and 15 (27.3%), respectively. The present study indicates high percentages of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women and ewes.
Keywords
Abortion; ewes; Toxoplasma gondii; RT-PCR; women
References
  1. Al-Malki E. Toxoplasmosis: stages of the protozoan life cycle and risk assessment in humans and animals for an enhanced awareness and an improved socio-economic status. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Jan 1;28(1):962-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.007
  2. Lim SSY, Othman RY. Recent Advances in Toxoplasma gondii Immunotherapeutics. Korean J Parasitol. 2014 Dec 1;52(6):581-93.https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.581
  3. Mendez OA, Koshy AA. Toxoplasma gondii: Entry, association, and physiological influence on the central nervous system. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Jul 1;13(7):e1006351-62.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006351
  4. Hatam-Nahavandi K, Calero-Bernal R, Rahimi MT, Pagheh AS, Zarean M, Dezhkam A, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 1;11(1):9509-19.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89031-8
  5. Kalantari N, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Moulana Z, Chehrazi M, Ghaffari S. Toxoplasma gondii infection and spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2021 Sep 1;158:105081.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105070
  6. Azimi K, Amouei A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Shams N, Mizani A, et al. Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Ruminants Aborted Fetuses in Northern Iran Using Molecular and Bioassay Techniques. Iran J Parasitol. 2021 Apr 1;16(2):229-35.https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v16i2.6273
  7. Kheirandish F, Ezatpour B, Fallahi S, Tarahi MJ, Hosseini P, Rouzbahani AK, et al. Toxoplasma Serology Status and Risk of Miscarriage, A Case-Control Study among Women with A History of Spontaneous Abortion. Int J Fertil Steril. 2019 Oct 1;13(3):184-9.
  8. Park YH, Nam HW. Clinical Features and Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Korean J Parasitol. 2013 Aug;51(4):393-9.https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.393
  9. Wohlfert EA, Blader IJ, Wilson EH. Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle. Trends Parasitol. 2017 Jul 1;33(7):519-31.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.04.001
  10. Samojłowicz D, Twarowska-Małczyńska J, Borowska-Solonynko A, Poniatowski ŁA, Sharma N, Olczak M. Presence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in brain as a potential cause of risky behavior: a report of 102 autopsy cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019 Feb 4;38(2):305-17.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3427-z
  11. Greigert V, Bittich-Fahmi F, Pfaff AW. Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Dec 1;14(12):1-18.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905
  12. Abd El-Rehim El-Henawy A, Abdel-Razik A, Zakaria S, Elhammady D, Saudy N, Azab MS. Is toxoplasmosis a potential risk factor for liver cirrhosis? Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015 Oct 1;8(10):784-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.003
  13. Abdulla MC, Hamza HK. Toxoplasmosis and Lymphoma: The Mimickers. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2017 Apr 1;38(2):248-50.
  14. Stelzer S, Basso W, Benavides Silván J, Ortega-Mora LM, Maksimov P, Gethmann J, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in farm animals: Risk factors and economic impact. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2019 Jun 1;15:e00037-69.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00037
  15. Al Hamada A, Habib I, Bruce M, Barnes A, Robertson ID. Seroconversion to Brucella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats in Dohuk Province, Iraq and Its Association with Pregnancy Loss. Animals. 2021 Mar 16;11(3):836-44.https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030836
  16. Li MH, Che TC, Kuo TT, Tseng CC, Tseng CP. Real-time PCR for quantitative detection of Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(11):4121-5.https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.11.4121-4125.2000
  17. El Shahaway AA, El Maghraby HM, Mohammed HA, Abd Elhady RR, Abdelrhman AA. Diagnostic performance of direct latex agglutination, post-enrichment latex agglutination and culture methods in screening of group B streptococci in late pregnancy: a comparative study. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12(8):2583-8.https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S203543
  18. Flores C, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Borace J, Fábrega L, Norero X, Sáez-Llorens X, et al. Epidemiological aspects of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis in Panama. Pathogens. 2021 Jun 1;10(6):764-77.https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060764
  19. Borna S, Shariat M, Fallahi M, Janani L. Prevalence of immunity to toxoplasmosis among Iranian childbearing age women: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Reprod Med. 2013 Nov 1;11(11):861-8.
  20. Bin Dajem SM, Almushait MA. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA by PCR in blood samples collected from pregnant Saudi women from the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2012 Sep;32(5):507-12.https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2012.14.7.1200
  21. Su C, Shwab EK, Zhou P, Zhu XQ, Dubey JP. Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology. 2010 Jan;137(1):1-11.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009991065
  22. Wahab T, Edvinsson B, Palm D, Lindh J. Comparison of the AF146527 and B1 Repeated Elements, Two Real-Time PCR Targets Used for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Feb;48(2):591-2.https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01113-09
  23. Shahighi M, Heidari A, Keshavarz H, Bairami A, Shojaee S, Sezavar M, et al. Seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in women referred to a pre-marriage counseling center in Alborz Province, Iran. BMC Res Notes. 2021 Dec 1;14(1):163-8.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05581-0
  24. Ameer JKA, Aamer NR. Comparisons of Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence in Rural and Urban Areas of Al-Najaf Province of Iraq Using Serological Methods. Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Nov 1;76(6):1695-701.
  25. Al-Warid HS, Al-Qadhi BN, Al-Warid HS. Evaluation of Progesterone and Estrogen Hormonal Levels in Pregnant Women with Toxoplasmosis. Eur J Sci Res. 2012;91(4):515-9.
Statistics
Article View: 338
PDF Download: 76


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com