Analysis of genetic diversity among some Iraqi durum wheat cultivars revealed by different molecular markers

Maeruf, Mihraban Sharif; Lateef, Djshwa Zhahir; Mustafa, Kamil Mahmood; Hamakareem, Hero Fatih; Abdalqadir, Shang Hasseb; Ahmad, Dastan Ahmad; Sleman, Shokhan Mahmood; Rasul, Kamaran Salh

doi:10.58928/ku24.15228

	Analysis of genetic diversity among some Iraqi durum wheat cultivars revealed by different molecular markers
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 15, Issue 2, June 2024, Pages 187-197 PDF (620.32 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku24.15228
Authors
Mihraban Sharif Maeruf¹; Djshwa Zhahir Lateef¹; Kamil Mahmood Mustafa¹; Hero Fatih Hamakareem²; Shang Hasseb Abdalqadir¹; Dastan Ahmad Ahmad¹; Shokhan Mahmood Sleman¹; Kamaran Salh Rasul^* ³
¹Biotechnology and Crop Science Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, 46001, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
²Biotechnology and Crop Science Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, 46001, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
³Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, 46001, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Abstract
Durum wheat has been cultivated since the beginning of crop domestication, occupying now the tenth ranking among the global most significant cultivated crops. Despite the fact that, the extent of the crop genetic diversity has not yet fully incorporated into modern varieties through breeding programs. In this study, a total of 35 markers (11 RAPD, 12 ISSR, and 12 CDDP) were utilized to assess the genetic variability and population structure of sixteen different cultivars of Iraqi durum wheat. Out of 294 bands obtained, 171 were identified as polymorphic: 47.00 polymorphic alleles from 98 RAPD bands, 53 polymorphic alleles from a total of 89 ISSR bands, and 71 alleles from 107 CDDP bands. The average number of observed alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon's information index (I), expected heterozygosity or gene diversity (He), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe), and polymorphic information content (PIC) (1.45, 1.38, 0.32, 0.22, 0.24, and 0.28, respectively) were obtained for RAPDs , (1.63, 1.45, 0.40, 0.27, 0.29, and 0.32, respectively) ISSRs and (1.35, 1.35, 0.31, 0.21, 0.23, and 0.30, respectively) for the CDDP markers. A dendrogram of two main clades (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean; UPGMA) and three populations of structure analysis, were obtained based on the three markers’ data. The analysis of molecular variance indicated 97.00%, 97.00%, and 90.00% variability within populations, applying RAPD, ISSR, and CDDP markers, respectively. The highest diversity indices were revealed in population 2 under the RAPD and CDDP markers, whereas population 1 had the highest values of these indices according to the ISSR markers. The results provide greater knowledge on the genetic makeup of Iraqi durum wheat cultivars, that facilitate future breeding programs of this crop.
Keywords
Durum wheat; Genetic variation; Cluster analysis; Population structure; Genetic improvement

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