K. Abdul-Karim, E., Z. Hussein, H. (2024). ALGAE (NORMAL AND NANO): CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, AND ROLE IN PLANT RESISTANCE OF DISEASE: A REVIEW. , 22(1), 41-54. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.183696
E. K. Abdul-Karim; H. Z. Hussein. "ALGAE (NORMAL AND NANO): CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, AND ROLE IN PLANT RESISTANCE OF DISEASE: A REVIEW". , 22, 1, 2024, 41-54. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.183696
K. Abdul-Karim, E., Z. Hussein, H. (2024). 'ALGAE (NORMAL AND NANO): CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, AND ROLE IN PLANT RESISTANCE OF DISEASE: A REVIEW', , 22(1), pp. 41-54. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.183696
K. Abdul-Karim, E., Z. Hussein, H. ALGAE (NORMAL AND NANO): CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, AND ROLE IN PLANT RESISTANCE OF DISEASE: A REVIEW. , 2024; 22(1): 41-54. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.183696

ALGAE (NORMAL AND NANO): CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, AND ROLE IN PLANT RESISTANCE OF DISEASE: A REVIEW

Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Volume 22, Issue 1, June 2024, Pages 41-54    PDF (522.33 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2024.183696
Authors
E. K. Abdul-Karim; H. Z. Hussein
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad
Abstract
This study aimed to know the algae in terms of its spread, distribution and classification as well as its economic and environmental importance. Also, it clarified its great role in promoting plant growth, as studies have shown that the application of algae to the soil improved its retention of moisture, provided it with nutrients and substances stimulating for plant growth, increased the plant’s ability to resist stress, reduced the destruction of chlorophyll and improving of yield. Also, the spraying of some types of algae extracts increases the plants’ tolerance to stress and thus increases weight and yield. Algae are a source of many bio-organic substances, growth-regulating hormones, vitamins, carbohydrates and antioxidants, thus improving plant growth parameters, as well as its role in inhibiting the growth of pathogens and reducing the incidence and severity of disease for many pathogens.
Keywords
Algae; Nanotechnology; plant growth
References
  1. Abd El-Baky, H. H., Hussein, M. M., and El-Baroty, G. S. (2008). Algal extracts improve antioxidant defense abilities and salt tolerance of wheat plant irrigated with sea water. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2(7): 151-164.
  2. Abdulla Agha, W. N., Muhammad, H. M., & Taha, K. M. (2023). Phylogenetic analysis among some species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) using DNA sequencing moleculartechnique. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 23(3), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.23.3.8.
  3. Abdalla, A. I. ., Rashid, R. M. ., Bayz, K. A. ., & Mohammedsalih, R. R. . (2023). The Impact Of Hormonal, Non-Hormonal Supplement And Total Daily Energy Intake On Bodybuilders’ Health During Off-Season Strength Training In Sulaymaniyah City- Iraq. Journal of Life Science and Applied Research, 4(2), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.59807/jlsar.v4i2.85
  4. Abbas, H. H., J. M. Salman, and A. I. Hassan. (2015). Effect of some algae extracts on inhibiting the growth of Fusarium solani, the cause of dry mold disease. Al-Kufa Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 7(1): 183-196.
  5. Abboud, Y., Saffaj, T., Chagraoui, A., El Bouari, A., Brouzi, K., Tanane, O., and Ihssane, B. (2014). Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) produced using brown alga extract (Bifurcaria bifurcata). Applied nanoscience, 4: 571-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-013-0233-x.
  6. Abdul-Hussein, H. M. (2013). Induction of Systemic Resistance Against Alternaria solani in tomato. MSc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, 36.
  7. Abdul-Karim, E. K. (2020). Morphological and Molecular study of the fungus Neoscytalidium spp. caused branches wilt on some hostes and control. Ph. D. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture Engineering Sciences. University of Baghdad. 177.
  8. Abdul-Karim, E. K. (2021). The efficiency of magnesium oxide, nano magnesium oxide and cinnamon alcoholic extract in controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici which causes Fusarium wilt on tomato. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 17: 1611-1618.
  9. Abdul-Karim, E. K., and Hussein, H. Z. (2022). The Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Fungi and the Role of Nanoparticles in Resisting of Pathogenic Fungi to Plants. Basrah Journal Agricultural Sciences, 35(1): 243-256. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.18.
  10. Abdulwahid, K. E., Dwaish, A. S., and Dakhil, O. A. (2019). Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Cladophora glomerata and its antifungal activity against some fungal isolates. Plant Archives. 19(2): 3527-3532.
  11. Al-Eskandarani, M. SH. (2009). Nanotechnology - half a century between dream and reality. Arab Journal, Kuwait, 607: 152-159.
  12. Al-Jubouri, A. A. W. (2015). Evaluation of the Efficiency of Magnesium Oxide, Fish Oil and Filix in Inducing Systemic Resistance to Yellow Mold Disease Caused by Aspergillus flavus. MSc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, 89.
  13. Al Hassany, J. S., Hassan, F. M., Maulood, B. K., and Al-Saedy, R. N. (2021). Revision of Algal Flora (Diatoms) Checklist in Tigris River Within Baghdad City-Iraq. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 52(4): 836-858.
  14. Al-Humairi, Y. N. H. (2013). Integration in the Control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt Disease Caused by the fungus Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici and the Diagnosis of Its Strains, Ph.D. Dissertation, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, 143.
  15. Ali, N. S., and Al-Juthery, H. W. A. (2017). The application of nanotechnology for micronutrient in agricultural production. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 48(4): 984.
  16. Al-Turihi, S. M. D. (2021). Study of Common Root Rot Disease and Its Control with Some Biological Control Agents in Wheat Cultivation Areas in Iraq. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Baghdad.
  17. Alturaihy, S. M., and Hussein, H. Z. (2020). Evaluation of the efficiency of algae and nano-algae extracts and some biological factors in resistance to Fusarium culmorum infection. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 7: 6766-6784.‏
  18. Arya, A., Gupta, K., Chundawat, T. S., and Vaya, D. (2018). Biogenic synthesis of copper and silver nanoparticles using green alga Botryococcus braunii and its antimicrobial activity. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7879403.
  19. Azizi, S., Ahmad, M. B., Namvar, F., and Mohamad, R. (2014). Green biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using brown marine macroalga Sargassum muticum aqueous extract. Materials letters, 116: 275-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.11.038.
  20. Barwal, I., Ranjan, P., Kateriya, S., and Yadav, S. C. (2011). Cellular oxido-reductive proteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii control the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Journal of nanobiotechnology, 9: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-9-56.
  21. Battacharyya, D., Babgohari, M. Z., Rathor, P., and Prithiviraj, B. (2015). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia horticulturae, 196: 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.012.
  22. Begum, U., Ahmad, U., and Ahmad, I. (2017). Antifungal, antibacterial and insecticidal potential of Chara schweinitzii (A. Braun) Kützing in Charsadda, Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 6(1): 87-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60001.
  23. Biris-Dorhoi, E. S., Michiu, D., Pop, C. R., Rotar, A. M., Tofana, M., Pop, O. L., ... and Farcas, A. C. (2020). Macroalgae—A sustainable source of chemical compounds with biological activities. Nutrients, 12(10): https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103085.
  24. Burhan, M. G., and Al-Hassan, S. A. (2019). Impact of Nano NPK fertilizers to correlation between productivity, quality and flag leaf of some bread wheat varieties. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(Special Issue): 1-7.
  25. Chrysargyris, A., Xylia, P., Anastasiou, M., Pantelides, I., and Tzortzakis, N. (2018). Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extracts on lettuce growth, physiology and fresh‐cut salad storage under potassium deficiency. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(15): 5861-5872. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9139.
  26. Castro, L., Blázquez, M. L., Muñoz, J. A., González, F., and Ballester, A. (2013). Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using algae. IET nanobiotechnology, 7(3): 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2012.0041.
  27. Dahoumane, S. A., Mechouet, M., Wijesekera, K., Filipe, C. D., Sicard, C., Bazylinski, D. A., and Jeffryes, C. (2017). Algae-mediated biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials as a promising route in nanobiotechnology–a review. Green Chemistry, 19(3): 552-587. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC02346K.
  28. Dhas, T. S., Kumar, V. G., Karthick, V. A. K. J., Angel, K. J., and Govindaraju, K. (2014). Facile synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles using marine alga and its antibacterial efficacy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 120: 416-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.044.
  29. El-Argawy, E., Rahhal, M. M. H., El-Korany, A., Elshabrawy, E. M., and Eltahan, R. M. (2017). Efficacy of some nanoparticles to control damping-off and root rot of sugar beet in El-Behiera Governorate. Asian Journal of Plant Pathology, 11(1): 35-47.
  30. El-Sheekh, M. M., Mousa, A. S. H., and Farghl, A. A. (2020). Biological control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants using seaweed extracts. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45: 4557-4570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04518-2.
  31. Fawcett, D., Verduin, J. J., Shah, M., Sharma, S. B., and Poinern, G. E. J. (2017). A review of current research into the biogenic synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles via marine algae and seagrasses. Journal of Nanoscience, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8013850.
  32. Fleurence, J., Morançais, M., and Dumay, J. (2018). Seaweed proteins. In Proteins in food processing. Woodhead Publishing, 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100722-8.00010-3.
  33. Gӓrtner, G., Stoyneva-Gӓrtner, M., and Uzunov, B. (2021). Algal toxic compounds and their aeroterrestrial, airborne and other extremophilic producers with attention to soil and plant contamination: A review. Toxins, 13(5): 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050322.
  34. Geetha, A., Sakthivel, R., and Mallika, J. (2016). A single pot green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous gum exudates of Azadirachta indica and its antifungal activity. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(9): 300-306.
  35. Gnanavel, V., Roopan, S. M., and Rajeshkumar, S. (2019). Aquaculture: An overview of chemical ecology of seaweeds (food species) in natural products. Aquaculture, 507: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.04.004.
  36. Hammoudi, K. M., Hussein, H. Z., and Ali, A. M. Efficiency of Sea-alga Extract in Ascophylum nodosum Controlling White Mold Disease Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Eggplants. Indian Journal of Ecology, 48(13): 217-221.
  37. Hasan, Z. H. (2016). Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesised by Pathogenic Escherichia Coli, Thesis. College of science. Al-Mustansiriyah University. Baghdad- Iraq, 133.
  38. Hussein, H. Z., and Al-wahab, A. A. (2020). Assessing the efficacy of certain nano, natural and chemical materials in fungal inhibition and afb1 toxin reduction of Aspergillus flavus isolated from peanut on PDA media. Plant Archives, 20(1): 1051-l057.
  39. Ibraheem, I. B. M., Abd-Elaziz, B. E. E., Saad, W. F., and Fathy, W. A. (2016). Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine Red Algae Acanthophora specifera and its antimicrobial activity. J Nanomed Nanotechnol, 7(409): 1-4. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000409.
  40. Jayaraman, J., Norrie, J., and Punja, Z. K. (2011). Commercial extract from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum reduces fungal diseases in greenhouse cucumber. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9547-1.
  41. Kader, J. Sh. (2023). Study The Effect Of Foliar Application Of Gibberellic Acid (Ga3) And Liquid Calcium On Growth And Fruit Quality Of Pomegranate Trees (Punica Granatum L.) Cv. Sawa. Anbar Journal Of Agricultural Sciences, 21(1), 71-86. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2023.179717.
  42. Lee, R. E. (2008). Phycology, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, London, 561.
  43. Michalak, I., Chojnacka, K., Dmytryk, A., Wilk, R., Gramza, M., and Rój, E. (2016). Evaluation of supercritical extracts of algae as biostimulants of plant growth in field trials. Frontiers in plant science, 7: 226408. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01591.
  44. Naji, H. F. . ., & AL-Jabber , M. A. . (2024). Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Iraqi Hospitals. Journal of Life Science and Applied Research, 5(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.59807/jlsar.v5i1.93
  45. Omar, H. H., Gumgumji, N. M., Shiek, H. M., El-Kazan, M. M., and El-Gendy, A. M. (2012). Inhibition of the development of pathogenic fungi by extracts of some marine algae from the red sea of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(72): 13697-13704. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.777.
  46. Parial, D., and Pal, R. (2015). Biosynthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles by green alga Rhizoclonium and associated biochemical changes. Journal of Applied Phycology, 27: 975-984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0355-x.
  47. Prasad, R., Kumar, V., Kumar, M., and Wang, S. (Eds.). (2018). Fungal nanobionics: principles and applications, 316). Singapore: Springer.
  48. Rahman, A., Kumar, S., Bafana, A., Dahoumane, S. A., and Jeffryes, C. (2019). Individual and combined effects of extracellular polymeric substances and whole cell components of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on silver nanoparticle synthesis and stability. Molecules, 24(5): 956. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050956.
  49. Rajeshkumar, S., Malarkodi, C., Paulkumar, K., Vanaja, M., Gnanajobitha, G., and Annadurai, G. (2014). Algae mediated green fabrication of silver nanoparticles and examination of its antifungal activity against clinical pathogens. International journal of Metals, 2014: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/692643.
  50. Ramakrishna, M., Rajesh Babu, D., Gengan, R. M., Chandra, S., and Nageswara Rao, G. (2016). Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using marine algae and evaluation of their catalytic activity. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 6: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-015-0173-y.
  51. Ramya, S. S., Vijayanand, N., and Rathinavel, S. (2015). Foliar application of liquid biofertilizer of brown alga Stoechospermum marginatum on growth, biochemical and yield of Solanum melongena. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 4: 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-015-0096-0.
  52. Roychoudhury, P., and Pal, R. (2014). Synthesis and characterization of nanosilver—a blue green approach. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 4(1): 69-72.
  53. Sahoo, D., and Seckbach, J. (Eds.). (2015). The algae world, 11564. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  54. Sangha, J. S., Ravichandran, S., Prithiviraj, K., Critchley, A. T., and Prithiviraj, B. (2010). Sulfated macroalgal polysaccharides λ-carrageenan and ι-carrageenan differentially alter Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Physiological and molecular plant pathology, 75(1-2): 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.08.003.
  55. Saudi, A. H. (2017). Effect of foliar spraying with marine algae extract on growth, yield and seeds vigor of bread wheat cultivars. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48(5): 1313-1325.
  56. Sharma, R., Kumar, R., Kumar, I., and Sharma, U. (2015). RhIII‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Alkenes: N‐Oxide as Traceless Directing Group for Remote C–H Activation. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(34): 7519-7528. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201501246.
  57. Sharma, H. S., Fleming, C., Selby, C., Rao, J. R., and Martin, T. (2014). Plant biostimulants: a review on the processing of macroalgae and use of extracts for crop management to reduce abiotic and biotic stresses. Journal of applied phycology, 26: 465-490.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0101-9.
  58. Sicard, C., Brayner, R., Margueritat, J., Hémadi, M., Couté, A., Yéprémian, C., ... and Coradin, T. (2010). Nano-gold biosynthesis by silica-encapsulated micro-algae: a “living” bio-hybrid material. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20(42): 9342-9347. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM01735C.
  59. Spinelli, F., Fiori, G., Noferini, M., Sprocatti, M., and Costa, G. (2009). Perspectives on the use of a seaweed extract to moderate the negative effects of alternate bearing in apple trees. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 84(6): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2009.11512610.
  60. Vashishta, B. R., A. K. Sinha, and V. P. Singh. (2012). Botany for Degree stuents Algaes. Chand Higher Academic. Printed on Gnviron mental friendly ECF paper. S. Chanl Qublishing S. Chand and Company LTD.
  61. Vehapi, M., Koçer, A. T., Yılmaz, A., and Özçimen, D. (2020). Investigation of the antifungal effects of algal extracts on apple-infecting fungi. Archives of microbiology, 202: 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01760-7.
  62. Vijayan, S. R., Santhiyagu, P., Singamuthu, M., Kumari Ahila, N., Jayaraman, R., and Ethiraj, K. (2014). Synthesis and characterization of silver and gold nanoparticles using aqueous extract of seaweed, Turbinaria conoides, and their antimicrofouling activity. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/938272.
  63. Yusief, H. M. Y. (2023). Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extract and Nanoparticales for Two Genuses of Identified Green Algae in Growth of Three Wheat Cultivars Triticum aestivum. Ph.D. Thesis. The College of Science University of Mosul. 
Statistics
Article View: 1,262
PDF Download: 726


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com