Mohammed, Z., Ali, Q. (2024). Implementation of a Resilient Complementary Code Keying (CCK) modulation for Autonomous Vehicle (AV). , 29(2), 86-98. doi: 10.33899/arej.2024.146647.1333
Zeina Ali Mohammed; Qutaiba Ibrahim Ali. "Implementation of a Resilient Complementary Code Keying (CCK) modulation for Autonomous Vehicle (AV)". , 29, 2, 2024, 86-98. doi: 10.33899/arej.2024.146647.1333
Mohammed, Z., Ali, Q. (2024). 'Implementation of a Resilient Complementary Code Keying (CCK) modulation for Autonomous Vehicle (AV)', , 29(2), pp. 86-98. doi: 10.33899/arej.2024.146647.1333
Mohammed, Z., Ali, Q. Implementation of a Resilient Complementary Code Keying (CCK) modulation for Autonomous Vehicle (AV). , 2024; 29(2): 86-98. doi: 10.33899/arej.2024.146647.1333

Implementation of a Resilient Complementary Code Keying (CCK) modulation for Autonomous Vehicle (AV)

Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)
Volume 29, Issue 2, September 2024, Pages 86-98    PDF (985.28 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33899/arej.2024.146647.1333
Authors
Zeina Ali Mohammed* 1; Qutaiba Ibrahim Ali2
1Computer and Information Engineering Department, Electronics Engineering College, Ninevah University, Iraq
2Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Abstract
                 In the realm of wireless communication, ensuring end-to-end privacy remains a critical concern in real-time applications like Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). The existing wireless protocols often need to be revised to address these privacy challenges effectively, especially when sensitive data transmission is involved. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a unique solution tailored to the specific requirements of each AV through the establishment of individual wireless network domains. To bolster privacy and security, a new approach called resilient modulation is introduced. This method involves integrating the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) into the Complementary Code Keying (CCK) equation within the 802.11b network. Additionally, the proposed enhancement extends to the Wireless Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, introducing an added layer of security. Furthermore, modifications are made to the conventional CCK modulation scheme to accommodate the proposed enhancement seamlessly. By adjusting the phase angles of transmitted signals, the integrity of the CCK modulation scheme is maintained, preserving orthogonality and correlation that are crucial for effective communication. Through rigorous experimentation and analysis, The results showed that the Bit Error Rate (BER) and packet loss of the receiver Electronic Control Unit (ECU) were stable between different CCK modifications. This indicates the robustness of the basic features of CCK modification and that the extent of modifications does not affect the CCK modification scheme with respect to orthogonality and correlation properties. On the contrary, there is a significant challenge in intercepting and decoding the signal by the eavesdropping ECU, which has shown packet loss ranging from 63% to 100% across different CCK states.
Keywords
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) modulation; Autonomous Vehicle (AV); Controller Area Network (CAN); Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
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