Hussein, T. (2024). The Emergence and Development of Religious Beliefs in Ancient Iraq‎. , 2024(3), 1375-1394. doi: 10.37653/juah.2023.141096.1231
Thaer Abdulsada Hussein. "The Emergence and Development of Religious Beliefs in Ancient Iraq‎". , 2024, 3, 2024, 1375-1394. doi: 10.37653/juah.2023.141096.1231
Hussein, T. (2024). 'The Emergence and Development of Religious Beliefs in Ancient Iraq‎', , 2024(3), pp. 1375-1394. doi: 10.37653/juah.2023.141096.1231
Hussein, T. The Emergence and Development of Religious Beliefs in Ancient Iraq‎. , 2024; 2024(3): 1375-1394. doi: 10.37653/juah.2023.141096.1231

The Emergence and Development of Religious Beliefs in Ancient Iraq‎

Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities
Article 8, Volume 2024, Issue 3, September 2024, Pages 1375-1394    PDF (1.16 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.37653/juah.2023.141096.1231
Author
Thaer Abdulsada Hussein*
Al Mustanseriya University- college of Arts
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the research was to study the emergence and development of religious beliefs in ancient Iraq. The main idea of the research is that religion is considered as a basic pillar of any ancient civilization and is a spiritual aspect in human thinking. The presence of the religious idea among a people shows us the aspects of its general development. Because of the importance of religion in public life, it was necessary to study the most important ancient components in shaping it as a spiritual aspect of human thinking. Religious ideas and beliefs determined general human behavior and affected his customs, traditions, customs, and the pattern of his intellectual and spiritual construction. The ancient Iraqi religion focused on the main elements of religious thought, rituals, and worship.
Methodology: The study relied on the historical research approach and focused on the emergence of religious thought in ancient Iraq and the development of the generative forces of nature, as embodied in works of art and archaeological remains, to analyze events and factors in daily life, including the method of worshiping the gods or offering sacrifices, and religion became of lofty moral values ​​represented by honesty and reverence for the gods.
Results: The results showed that religious thought in ancient Iraq focused on the human being who was created to serve the gods. Therefore, their religious motive did not go beyond offering sacrifices to the goddess and her priests in accordance with the established ceremonies, because the ancient Iraqi human believed that the source of all goodness was due to the satisfaction of the goddess and was primarily due to religious duties. What is required of humans is supplication, sacrifice, and prayer, the second of those religious duties. Intellectual and religious awareness has developed among the inhabitants of ancient Iraq, as well as a reverence for the vital factors affecting rain and vegetation. It can also be said that the Mesopotamian important factors that contributed to the development of the thinking of ancient Iraqi man. The gods in ancient Iraq represented the various attributes of nature, 
such as lightning, thunder, the sun, and life. The Mother Goddess emerged from her, the gods of good and evil, and she was distinguished by distinctive characteristics other than humans, including eternity, continuity, and vitality.
Recommendations: The study recommends shedding light and intensifying research and studies on the importance of religious beliefs in the history of ancient Iraq and the role of religion in the life of ancient Iraqi people, as everything was assigned gods to worship and thus became obligated to perform certain rituals towards them and study the first beginnings of religious belief.
Keywords
emergence‏; religious‏; Iraq
References

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Theses and dissertations:

  1. Salim, Ahmed Amin, Studies in the Civilization of the Near East, Iraq, Iran, Alexandria, Dar Al-Ma’rifah University, 1992.
  2. Adnan, Osama Yahya, The Gods in the Vision of the Ancient Iraqi Man, A Study in Mythology, Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of History, 2007.
  3. Al-Shahwani, Azhar Abdul Latif, Ur-Nammu, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Baghdad, Institute of Arab Historians, 2003,
  4. Shanawa, Muhannad Ashur, The Complex of Gods in the Civilization of the Valley of the Two Rivers in Light of Cuneiform Texts, Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of Archaeology, 2000.
  5. Musa, Maryam Imran, Religious Thought among the Sumerians in Light of Cuneiform Texts, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of Archaeology, 1996.

Scientific Research:

  1. Abdul, Muhammad Hamid and Suwaidan, Ziad Awad, The Political System of the City of Athens, Journal of Anbar University for Humanities, Issue 2 - 2022.
  2. Mahdi, Marwan Najah, The Veil in Ancient Iraq, Anbar University Journal for Humanities, Issue 1, March 2019.
  3. Al-Ballam, Marwan Najah Mahdi, The Uniqueness of the God Baal, Anbar University Journal for Humanities, Issue 2, 2022
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