The Relationship of Some Hormones, Enzymes and Proteins to ALzheimerʹs Disease

Ayob, Shemaa A; Alkhalidy, Liqaa Saeed; Taqa, Ghada Abd Alrhman

doi:10.33899/edusj.2024.184761

	The Relationship of Some Hormones, Enzymes and Proteins to ALzheimerʹs Disease
Journal of Education and Science
Article 7, Volume 33, Issue 4, December 2024, Pages 60-67 PDF (427.04 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2024.184761
Authors
Shemaa A Ayob¹; Liqaa Saeed Alkhalidy²; Ghada Abd alrhman Taqa^* ³
¹Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
²Department of Environmental Health, College of Environmental Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
³Department od dental basic sceince ,dentistry college ,mosul university ,mosul ,iraq
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease involves environmental influences and genetic and biochemical factors that lead to the build up of harmful proteins like amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. This accumulation can disturb the communication between nerve cells. Result in cognitive difficulties. This analysis emphasizes the importance of elements like air pollution and toxic metals in addition to discussing the influence of inflammation oxygen related stress and antioxidants, on disease progression. It also explores how specific hormones and enzymes influence the course of the disease. Alzheimer’s stands out as a condition that leads to cognitive decline and affects nerve tissues in the brain extensively. It is identified through the development of tangles and the buildup of amyloid proteins outside cells that form plaques hindering communication among neurons. This inherited degenerative condition affects nerve function and results in a decrease, in abilities and memory loss. This review delves into biochemical pathways associated with Alzheimers disease; discussing the impact of air pollution and harmful metals along with inflammation and oxidative stress as well as the influence of antioxidants and certain hormones such as insulin and proteins like GO and insulin like growth factor (IGF) along with leptin in the process. It also touches upon the significance of enzymes like choline acetyltransferase and essential proteins in the disease pathway such, as C reactive protein interleukins and E methione. This research is crucial for gaining insights into the processes involved in Alzheimers disease and could help in crafting better prevention and treatment approaches, down the line.
Keywords
Alzheimer's; apolipoprotein E (ApoE); C-reactive protein و Choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)

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