Preparing sulfur nanoparticles and determining their effect on the photodegradation of polycarbonates

Hassan, Rand Malallah; Ali, Hameed Khalid; Sirhan, Muthanaa Mohammad

doi:10.37652/juaps.2024.148119.1223

	Preparing sulfur nanoparticles and determining their effect on the photodegradation of polycarbonates
Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science
Volume 18, Issue 2, December 2024, Pages 112-122 PDF (953.95 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.37652/juaps.2024.148119.1223
Authors
rand malallah hassan^* ¹; Hameed Khalid Ali²; Muthanaa Mohammad Sirhan³
¹Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science , University Of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
²Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science , University Of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
³Iraq, Ramadi, Anbar University, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Chemistry
Abstract
This study involved the preparation of sulfur nanoparticles using the extract of Ziziphus-spina leaves and examined their effect on the photodegradation of polycarbonate membranes with a thickness of (60±5) microns, after adding various concentrations of the nano additive (0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.0125%, 0.00625%) to a polycarbonate solution dissolved in chloroform. Sulfur nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques such as SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. A band at 460 cm-1 was identified according to FT-IR analysis, indicating the formation of sulfur nanoparticles. Photodegradation of polycarbonates, both with and without the additive, was monitored using UV-Visible analysis at a wavelength of 356 nm over varying irradiation times (0, 30, 60, 120, 180 hours), calculating the rate constant of photolytic fragmentation for the polymer additive. The results showed an increase in the photodegradation of polymer films with an increase in the concentration of the nanomaterial compared to films without the additive. Using FT-IR analysis, the carbonyl absorption coefficient was calculated and found to increase with the concentration of the added nanosulfur, consistent with the Kd values (rate constant of photolytic fragmentation). Additionally, the average molecular weight of the polymer, the degree of disintegration, and the numerical rate of polymer chain scission were calculated using a viscometer. It was observed that the average molecular weight of the polymer decreases with increasing irradiation time and the rate of chain scission increases.
Keywords
polycarbonate; Photodissociation; nano; sulfur; Polymers

References
Gadge, G.G.(2020).An Overview: Natural Polymers and their Applications. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology, 12(2), 131-136.‏ Terzopoulou,Z.,Zamboulis,A.,Koumentakou, I., Michailidou, G., Noordam, M. J., & Bikiaris, D. N. (2022). Biocompatible synthetic polymers for tissue engineering purposes. Biomacromolecules, 23(5), 1841-1863.‏ Jadhav, V. D., Patil, A. J., & Kandasubramanian, B. (2022). Polycarbonate nanocomposites for high impact applications. Handbook of consumer nanoproducts, 257-281.‏ Ang, R. R., Sin, L. T., Bee, S. T., Tee, T. T., Kadhum, A. A. H., Rahmat, A. R., & Wasmi, B. A. (2015). A review of copolymerization of green house gas carbon dioxide and oxiranes to produce polycarbonate. Journal of Cleaner Production, 102, 1-17.‏ Kyriacos, D. (2017). Polycarbonates. In Brydson's Plastics Materials(pp. 457-485). Butterworth-Heinemann.‏ Al-mhmdy, Y. M., Ali, H. K., & Shihab, O. H. (2023). Induction of Photodegradation of Poly (vinyl alcohol) Using a Cobalt Binary Mixed Ligand Complex. Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science, 17(2), 115-125.‏ Sazali, N., Ibrahim, H., Jamaludin, A. S., Mohamed, M. A., Salleh, W. N. W., & Abidin, M. N. Z. (2020, April). Degradation and stability of polymer: A mini review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering(Vol. 788, No. 1, p. 012048). IOP Publishing.‏ Diepens, M. (2009). Photodegradation and stability of bisphenol a polycarbonate in weathering conditions.‏ Joshi, H., Choudhary, P., & Mundra, S. L. (2019). Future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture. J. Chem. Stud, 7(2), 957-963.‏ Gupta, P. K. (2023). Introduction and Historical Background. In Nanotoxicology in Nanobiomedicine(pp. 1-22). Cham: Springer International Publishing.‏ Attia, T. S., & Elsheery, N. I. (2020). Nanomaterials: scope, applications, and challenges in agriculture and soil reclamation. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 41: Nanotechnology for Plant Growth and Development, 1-39.‏ Yuan, H., Liu, Q., Guo, Z., Fu, J., Sun, Y., Gu, C., ... & Dhankher, O. P. (2021). Sulfur nanoparticles improved plant growth and reduced mercury toxicity via mitigating the oxidative stress in Brassica napus L. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, 128589.‏ Najafi, S., Razavi, S. M., Khoshkam, M., & Asadi, A. (2020). Effects of green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles from Cinnamomum zeylanicum barks on physiological and biochemical factors of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Physiology and molecular biology of plants, 26, 1055-1066.‏ Odian, G. (2004). Principles of polymerization. John Wiley & Sons. ‏ Anju, V. P., & Narayanankutty, S. K. (2017). Impact of Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide on the properties of PMMA/Cellulose composite. Polymer, 119, 224-237.‏ Patnaik, P. (2003). Handbook of inorganic chemicals(Vol. 529, pp. 769-771). New York: McGraw-Hill.‏ Wang, J., Huang, H., & Huang, X. (2016). Molecular weight and the Mark‐Houwink relation for ultra‐high molecular weight charged polyacrylamide determined using automatic batch mode multi‐angle light scattering. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(31).‏ Al Banna, L. S., Salem, N. M., Jaleel, G. A., & Awwad, A. M. (2020). Green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract and nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica. Chemistry International, 6(3), 137-143.‏ M Awwad, A., M Salem, N., & O Abdeen, A. (2015). Noval approach for synthesis sulfur (S-NPs) nanoparticles using Albizia julibrissin fruits extract. Advanced Materials Letters, 6(5), 432-435.‏ Thakar, M. A., Jha, S. S., Phasinam, K., Manne, R., Qureshi, Y., & Babu, V. H. (2022). X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and evaluation of antioxidant activity of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Cissus vitiginea. Materials Today: Proceedings, 51, 319-324.‏ Khairan, K., Aryati, F., Suhayla, P. D., Sriwati, R., & Awang, K. (2023, May). Green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles using garlic (Allium sativum): Fungicidal activity and plant growth effects on chili plants (Capsicum annum L.). In AIP Conference Proceedings(Vol. 2480, No. 1). AIP Publishing.‏ Tjandraatmadja, G. F., Burn, L. S., & Jollands, M. C. (2002). Evaluation of commercial polycarbonate optical properties after QUV-A radiation—the role of humidity in photodegradation. Polymer degradation and stability, 78(3), 435-448.‏ Anju, V. P., & Narayanankutty, S. K. (2017). Impact of Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide on the properties of PMMA/Cellulose composite. Polymer, 119, 224-237.‏ ALI, K., & A ABDULRAZAQ, S. A. M. A. R. (2013). INDUCED PHOTO-DEGRADATION OF POLYSTYRENE BY USING NICKEL (II)-COMPLEX (NI-BAP). Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science, 7(1), 162-175.‏ Chiantore, O., Camino, G., Costa, L., & Grassie, N. (1981). ‘Weak links’ in polystyrene. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 3(3), 209-219.‏ Chandra, R. and Handa, S. P. (1982). J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,p.1945,27.78 Ranby, B., & Rabek, J. F. (1975). Photooxidation, photodegradation and photostabilisation of polymers.‏ Kareem, B. M. A., & Ali, H. K. (2022). Study of the photolysis of polycarbonates in the presence of the prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S8), 4150–4166 https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS8.13125.
Statistics Article View: 852 PDF Download: 233