Faisal, A., Mustafa, Y., Abdulghani, M., Hsu, C. (2025). Is Capsaicin a Pain Inducer or Killer? A Review of its Related Mechanisms. , 22(2), 87-98. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154842.1115
Ayman Faris Faisal; Yasser Fakri Mustafa; Mahfoudh A.M. Abdulghani; Chou-Yi Hsu. "Is Capsaicin a Pain Inducer or Killer? A Review of its Related Mechanisms". , 22, 2, 2025, 87-98. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154842.1115
Faisal, A., Mustafa, Y., Abdulghani, M., Hsu, C. (2025). 'Is Capsaicin a Pain Inducer or Killer? A Review of its Related Mechanisms', , 22(2), pp. 87-98. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154842.1115
Faisal, A., Mustafa, Y., Abdulghani, M., Hsu, C. Is Capsaicin a Pain Inducer or Killer? A Review of its Related Mechanisms. , 2025; 22(2): 87-98. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154842.1115

Is Capsaicin a Pain Inducer or Killer? A Review of its Related Mechanisms

Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Article 5, Volume 22, Issue 2, June 2025, Pages 87-98    PDF (805.97 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154842.1115
Authors
Ayman Faris Faisal* 1; Yasser Fakri Mustafa1; Mahfoudh A.M. Abdulghani2, 3; Chou-Yi Hsu4, 5
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
2Pharmacology Department, International Medical School, Management and Science, University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
3Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Science and Technology, Adan, Yemen
4Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
5Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
Abstract
Background: Capsaicin is the chemical responsible for the hot and irritating characteristics of chili peppers. Because it produces both heat and pain, this phytochemical is a valuable means of scientific investment for pain research. Aim: This study examines the processes underlying capsaicin-induced pain, emphasizing its importance in understanding brain pain modulation. It also highlights the therapeutic uses of capsaicin in pain management and its analgesic characteristics. Moreover, the major objective is to better understand the dual role of capsaicin as both a pain inducer and a pain killer. Method: The authors gathered data from several published studies abstracted from many indexing platforms, including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed, between 2015 and 2024. Results: The findings demonstrate that capsaicin initially functions as a pain stimulant but, with extended application, becomes an excellent analgesic. Conclusion: Given its active role in pain regulation, it can regard capsaicin as an intriguing model to potentially understand the molecular mechanism behind pain induction and relief.

Highlights
  • Chili peppers contain a phytochemical named capsaicin, which is known for its heat and pain-relieving properties.
  • This study seeks to comprehend the pathways behind capsaicin-induced pain and its involvement in brain pain regulation.
  • The collected information was taken from various research projects that ran from 2015 to 2024.
  • Experts view capsaicin as an intriguing paradigm for understanding pain induction and relief.
  • Capsaicin operates initially as a pain booster but becomes a powerful painkiller with extended exposure.
Keywords
Capsaicin; TRPA1; Neuropathic pain; Pungency; Capsicum genus
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