Nejres, A., Mahmood, A., Behnam, S., Mohammed, G., Hassan, E., Khudhuer Azzam, R. (2025). A Review of the Approved Data on Methods for Quantitative Determination of Sulfadiazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations. , 22(1), 20-30. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154870.1117
Aws Maseer Nejres; Ahmed Abd Aljabar J. Mahmood; Safaa Polus Behnam; Ghaith Rabee Mohammed; Eman Mahmood Hassan; Ridha Ridha M. Khudhuer Azzam. "A Review of the Approved Data on Methods for Quantitative Determination of Sulfadiazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations". , 22, 1, 2025, 20-30. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154870.1117
Nejres, A., Mahmood, A., Behnam, S., Mohammed, G., Hassan, E., Khudhuer Azzam, R. (2025). 'A Review of the Approved Data on Methods for Quantitative Determination of Sulfadiazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations', , 22(1), pp. 20-30. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154870.1117
Nejres, A., Mahmood, A., Behnam, S., Mohammed, G., Hassan, E., Khudhuer Azzam, R. A Review of the Approved Data on Methods for Quantitative Determination of Sulfadiazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations. , 2025; 22(1): 20-30. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154870.1117

A Review of the Approved Data on Methods for Quantitative Determination of Sulfadiazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Article 4, Volume 22, Issue 1, March 2025, Pages 20-30    PDF (987.35 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.154870.1117
Authors
Aws Maseer Nejres1; Ahmed Abd Aljabar J. Mahmood1; Safaa Polus Behnam1; Ghaith Rabee Mohammed2; Eman Mahmood Hassan1; Ridha Ridha M. Khudhuer Azzam* 3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
2Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
3Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Background: Recently, the consumption of pharmaceutical preparations and health products has increased to treat various diseases, such as urinary tract infections, treatment of some skin conditions, burns, Alzheimer's disease, streptococcal infection, bronchitis, and eye infections. Many of these preparations have the potential to harm patients or act as emergency pollutants in the environment. Sulfadiazine is one of the most commonly used antimicrobials for both human and animal infections. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to show how important it is to keep an eye on sulfadiazine using simple, accurate, precise, selective, and repeatable methods for estimation. Methods: For measuring pharmaceutical preparation amounts, spectrophotometry, chromatography, and electrochemical methods are best. Spectrophotometric techniques possess ease, accuracy with precision, and repeatability. Conclusion: Chromatographic techniques are selective, and they are more than their predecessors in that they possess speed and safety, but their drawback is that they are expensive. When compared to other methods, electrochemical techniques have very high sensitivity and selectivity. However, they are not very precise, and the sensors are affected by the current. Also, the supporting medium needs to be maintained all the time before it can be used.

Highlights

  • Sulfadiazine, a sulfonamide, treats infections in humans and animals, showing effectiveness in various diseases and conditions.

  • Spectrophotometric methods for sulfadiazine are simple, accurate, and cost-effective, ideal for routine lab use.

  • Chromatographic techniques are precise and selective but are expensive compared to alternative methods.

  • Electrochemical methods excel in sensitivity but lack precision and require constant sensor maintenance.

  • Spectrophotometric methods leverage reactions like diazotization and oxidative coupling for sulfadiazine detection.

  • Advances in chromatographic methods, including HPLC and LC-MS, enhance drug estimation accuracy and selectivity.

Keywords
Sulfadiazine; Spectrophotometric; Chromatographic; Chromo-chemical; Sensitivity
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