Assessment of the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Vicinity of Kirkuk Irrigation Project

Khudher, Mohanad Essi; Saleh, Sabbar Abdullah; Ibrahim, Omar Sabah

doi:10.33899/earth.2024.148833.1270

	Assessment of the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Vicinity of Kirkuk Irrigation Project
Iraqi National Journal of Earth Science (INJES)
Article 26, Volume 25, Issue 3, July 2025, Pages 44-57 PDF (1.33 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33899/earth.2024.148833.1270
Authors
Mohanad Essi Khudher^* ¹; Sabbar Abdullah Saleh¹; Omar Sabah Ibrahim²
¹Department of Applied Geology, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.
²Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Kirkuk University, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Abstract
The study area is located in Kirkuk Governorate along the area adjacent to both sides of the Kirkuk irrigation project starting from Debs Dam to the end of Tuz Khurmatu district with an area of about (220 km²). It is situated between longitudes (״00'50˚46 ״00'00˚41) and latitudes (38 ˚50'00״ and 39˚40'00״). The depths and groundwater levels in the study area (Debs and Tuz Khurmatu) range between 4-36 m and 178-262 m respectively Fifteen water samples are collected from well waters in the study area, and their physical and chemical tests are carried out. The pH values range between (6.5-8.5), total dissolved solids (TDS) values between (1732 ppm - 429 ppm), and the values of the electrical conductivity (EC) range between (671– 2706 s/cm). The values of the major cation’s concentrations: calcium ion (Ca2+) between (313.60 - 85.38 ppm), sodium ion (Na+) between (43.18–205.43 ppm), magnesium ion (Mg2+) between (142.18–29.34 ppm) and potassium ion (K+) between (27.99–8.28 ppm). The values of the concentrations of the major anions: sulfate ion (SO42-) range from (680 -19 ppm), chloride ion (Cl-) between (692– 63 ppm), and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) between (220.66– 77.76 ppm). As for the secondary components concentrations: nitrate ion (NO3-) range between (8.66 ppm – 4.16 ppm) and phosphate ion (PO4-3) between (2.15 ppm – 0.78 ppm). As for water classification, the Piper (1944) and Stiff and Gibbs classification are used in this study. According to Piper's (1944) classification, the waters are classified as alkaline earth waters with predominant sulphates or chlorides as alkaline earth waters with an increased alkali fraction. As for the Stiff classification, it turns out that the ion (Ca+2) and ion (Mg+2) are the dominant major cations, while the chloride ion and the sulfate ion are the dominant major anions.
Highlights
In Arabic
Keywords
Kirkuk irrigation project; Hydrochemical; Groundwater; Cation Major Ions

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