The role of Kazim Karabekir in the Turkish War of Independence 1919-1922

Thaher, Ammar; Awad, Muayyad Mahmoud

doi:10.33899/berj.2025.186433

	The role of Kazim Karabekir in the Turkish War of Independence 1919-1922
College Of Basic Education Research Journal
Volume 20, Issue 4.1, February 2025, Pages 375-403 PDF (566.01 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.33899/berj.2025.186433
Authors
ammar thaher^* ; Muayyad Mahmoud Awad
Abstract
The Moders Armistice, signed on October 30^th , 1918, represented death sentence for the Ottoman Empire .With declaration of armistice , cities of Anatolia collapsed quickly as Allied forces advanced. Greece controlled Izmir while Armenia seized eastern side of Anatolia . As a consequence of any occupation, resistance associations appeared These associations were known as associations defending states’ rights They resisted occupation and preserved country’s unity and independence, Kazem Karabekir was the first military leader reaching Anatolia , even before Kamal Atatturk . Kazem was the beating heart of Turkish independence war. First and foremost ,it was necessary to organize people of Anatolia by holding national conferences in (Amasya - Erzurum - Sivas) to acknowledge them about extent of the disaster that struck country and ways to get rid of it. Kazem Karabekir led battles on Eastern Front and managed to expel Armenians., while battles of western front were led by Ismet Inonu and eventually expelled Greeks . Current research consists of an introduction and three parts : the first tackled role of Kazem Karabekir in national conferences in ( Amasya – Erzrum -Sivas ) . The second his role in leading battles of Eastern front whereas the third talked about his role in Western front
Keywords
حرب الاستقلال; كاظم قره بكير; الجبهة الشرقية

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