- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Rehabilitation of Pre-Damaged RC Beam Containing Recycled Plastic Waste Using CFRP | ||
| Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ) | ||
| Volume 30, Issue 1, March 2025, Pages 164-174 PDF (1005.29 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/arej.2024.152874.1370 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mand Kamal Askar* | ||
| Highways and Bridges Engineering, Technical College of Engineering, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Over the past few decades, the utilization of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for the purpose of strengthening and rehabilitating reinforced concrete (RC) structures has become widely recognized as a very effective approach to improving structural integrity and increasing lifespan. Ageing structures frequently require maintenance and repair as a result of severe environmental conditions, natural disasters, alterations in applied loads, corrosion of reinforcement, and insufficient maintenance. In this study, two aspects were considered. The first is to study the behavior of preloaded RC beams after rehabilitation using CFRP composite. The second aspect is to find the effects of waste plastic Polypropylene (PP) on the behavior of preloaded RC beams. Thus, three mixes were prepared with two different PP fiber plastic lengths 30 and 50 mm with a constant ratio equal to 1% as recommended by the literature. A total of ten RC beams with dimensions of (100 x 160 x 1600) mm were cast two of them played as control and the other were preloaded to 70% of the ultimate load calculated based on the control sample. Results showed adding waste plastic waste as PP fiber leads to an enhancement in overall concrete properties. Furthermore, retrofitting the pre-damaged RC beams with CFRP composite application resulted in a 70% enhancement in load-carrying capacity when U CFRP anchorage is used at both ends. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| PP fiber; Pre-damaged; RC beam; CFRP; Waste plastic; Flexural | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] Low, M.-S., Material flow analysis of concrete in the United States. 2005, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33030. [2] Vogel, H.M. and D. Svecova, Evaluation of Elastic Modulus for High-Strength Concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 2012. 109(3), https://doi.org/10.14359/51683821. [3] Song, P. and S. Hwang, Mechanical properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2004. 18(9): p. 669-673, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.027. [4] Lau, A. and M. Anson, Effect of high temperatures on high performance steel fibre reinforced concrete. Cement and concrete research, 2006. 36(9): p. 1698-1707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.03.024. [5] Kuder, K.G. and S.P. Shah, Processing of high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites. Construction and Building Materials, 2010. 24(2): p. 181-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.06.018. [6] Ezeldin, A. and P. Balaguru, Bond behavior of normal and high-strength fiber reinforced concrete. Materials Journal, 1989. 86(5): p. 515-524, https://doi.org/10.14359/2141. [7] Balaguru, P.N. and S.P. Shah, Fiber-reinforced cement composites. 1992. [8] Askar, M.K., M.H. Selman, and S.I. Mohammed, Mechanical Properties of Concrete Reinforced with Alternative Fibers. Journal of Duhok University, 2020. 23(1): p. 149-158. [9] Askar, M.K., et al., Effects of chopped CFRP fiber on mechanical properties of concrete. Heliyon, 2023. 9(3): p. e13832, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13832. [10] Askar, M.K., Y.S.S. Al-Kamaki, and A. Hassan, Utilizing Polyethylene Terephthalate PET in Concrete: A Review. Polymers, 2023. 15(15): p. 3320, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153320. [11] Obaidat, Y.T., et al., Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using composite laminates, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.082. Construction and Building Materials, 2011. 25(2): p. 591-597. [12] Askar, M., K. Abduka, and L. Askar, Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Journal of Duhok University, 2020. 23(2): p. 116-130. [13] Askar, M.K., et al. Flexural retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridges; applications. in AIP Conference Proceedings. 2024. AIP Publishing. [14] ASKAR, M.K., et al., Crack In Concrete Structures Causes and Treatments: A Review. Journal of Duhok University, 2023. 26(2): p. 148-165. [15] Miakhil, S.U., W.U. Shakir, and G. Singh, Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete beams using CFRP Sheets: A Review. Strain, 2020. 70: p. 90. [16] Askar, M.K., A.F. Hassan, and Y.S. Al-Kamaki, Flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using FRP composites: A state of the art. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2022. 17: p. e01189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e0118. [17] Ganesh, P. and A.R. Murthy, Repair, retrofitting and rehabilitation techniques for strengthening of reinforced concrete beams-A review. Advances in concrete construction, 2019. 8(2): p. 101-117. [18] Brihwiler, E. and E. Denarie, Rehabilitation of concrete structures using Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete. Department of Civil Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008. [19] Gulsan, M.E., et al., Rehabilitation of normal and self-compacted steel fiber reinforced concrete corbels via basalt fiber. Advances in concrete construction, 2018. 6(5): p. 423. [20] Varghese, P., Maintenance, Repair & Rehabilitation and Minor Works of Buildings. 2014: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. [21] C150, A., Standard Specification for ordinary cement [22] EN, B., Method of testing cement is classified in these ICS categories. 2013. [23] EN, B., Methods of testing cement is classified in these ICS categories. 2016. [24] No, I.S., Portland Cement, the Iraqi Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control. 1984, Baghdad-Iraq. [25] C136, A., Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, in ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 2006. [26] C33-99a, A., Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, (20001). [27] C127, A., Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of coarse aggregate, in ASTM C. 2015. [28] IS 383, B., Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. 1970. [29] 1602, A.C., Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. 2022. [30] Yin, S., Development of recycled polypropylene plastic fibres to reinforce concrete. 2017: Springer. [31] Achilias, D., et al., Recycling techniques of polyolefins from plastic wastes. Global NEST Journal, 2008. 10(1): p. 114-122. [32] Almeshal, I., et al., Use of recycled plastic as fine aggregate in cementitious composites: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 2020. 253: p. 119146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119146. [33] Ceci, A.M., J.R. Casas, and M. Ghosn, Statistical analysis of existing models for flexural strengthening of concrete bridge beams using FRP sheets. Construction and Building Materials, 2012. 27(1): p. 490-520,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.0 14. [34] Siddika, A., et al., Performances, challenges and opportunities in strengthening reinforced concrete structures by using FRPs–A state-of-the-art review. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2020. 111: p. 104480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104480. [35] Imjai, T., et al., Strengthening of damaged low strength concrete beams using PTMS or NSM techniques. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2020. 13: p. e00403. [36] Murali, G. and N. Pannirselvam, Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using fibre reinforced polymer laminate: a review. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011. 6(11): p. 41-47. [37] 440, A.C. and J.P. Busel. Specification for carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar materials for concrete reinforcement. 2008. American Concrete Institute. [38] 440.2R-08, A., Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures. Technical Documents, 2008. [39] Karzad, A.S., et al., Repair and strengthening of shear-deficient reinforced concrete beams using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer. Composite Structures, 2019. 223: p. 110963, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.110963. [40] Shukri, A., et al., Behaviour of precracked RC beams strengthened using the side-NSM technique. Construction and Building Materials, 2016. 123: p. 617-626. [41] Banjara, N.K. and K. Ramanjaneyulu, Experimental and numerical investigations on the performance evaluation of shear deficient and GFRP strengthened reinforced concrete beams. Construction and Building Materials, 2017. 137: p. 520-534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.089. [42] Bonacci, J. and M. Maalej, Behavioral trends of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2001. 5(2): p. 102-113. [43] Rahmani, E., et al., On the mechanical properties of concrete containing waste PET particles. Construction and Building Materials, 2013. 47: p. 1302-1308, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.041. [44] ASTM-C617-15, Standard Practice for Capping Cylinderical Concrete Specimens 2015, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United states. [45] ASTM-C39-21, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. 2021, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United states. [46] ASTM-C496-17, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. 2017, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United states. [47] ASTM-C469-22, Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression. 2022, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United states. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 423 PDF Download: 94 |
||