Hussain, Z., Ali, J., Majdi, H., Sultan, A., Kadhim, B., Al-Naseri, H. (2025). Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube. , 43(3), 204-219. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.155330.1856
Zahraa N. Hussain; Jamal M. Ali; Hasan S. Majdi; Abbas J. Sultan; Bashar J. Kadhim; Haidar Al-Naseri. "Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube". , 43, 3, 2025, 204-219. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.155330.1856
Hussain, Z., Ali, J., Majdi, H., Sultan, A., Kadhim, B., Al-Naseri, H. (2025). 'Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube', , 43(3), pp. 204-219. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.155330.1856
Hussain, Z., Ali, J., Majdi, H., Sultan, A., Kadhim, B., Al-Naseri, H. Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube. , 2025; 43(3): 204-219. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.155330.1856

Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube

Engineering and Technology Journal
Volume 43, Issue 3, March 2025, Pages 204-219    PDF (1.3 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2025.155330.1856
Authors
Zahraa N. Hussain* 1; Jamal M. Ali1; Hasan S. Majdi2; Abbas J. Sultan1; Bashar J. Kadhim1; Haidar Al-Naseri3
1Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.
2Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Dept., College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq.
3Chemical Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
Abstract
Improving heat transfer efficiency in base fluids remains a key challenge in various thermal applications. To address this, several researchers have suggested the integration of nanoparticles into base fluids, leveraging recent advancements in nanotechnology to enhance performance. This study compares different types of nanoparticles and preparation methods for nanofluids and examines the impact of their properties on improving heat transfer. The convective heat transfer under a turbulent flow regime was studied experimentally and numerically in a copper tube used as a test section. Advanced measurement techniques were employed, including a Flux Teq LLC heat flux sensor mounted on the test section wall's inner surface to measure the instantaneous heat flux and inner surface temperature. Additionally, five T-type thermocouples were used to measure the bulk temperature. Three types of nanoparticles—titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and graphene nanoplates were used at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol. %) to prepare the nanofluids. The results of applying these nanofluids in the heat transfer process showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased with the concentration of nanoparticles. The greatest improvement was observed at a concentration of 0.03%, with heat transfer coefficient increases compared to the base fluid of 23.7%, 39.1%, and 68.25% for TiO₂, CuO, and GNP, respectively. Numerical results were obtained using COMSOL 5.6, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analytical program. The predicted and experimental values were compared to validate the model, showing good agreement between the results, though minor differences were observed. These findings highlight the potential of nanofluids as an innovative solution for advanced heat transfer applications, offering enhanced performance and energy savings.

Highlights
  • Explores the integration of TiO₂, CuO, and GNP nanoparticles into base fluids to enhance heat transfer efficiency.
  • Experimental and numerical approaches were used to study convective heat transfer under a turbulent flow regime.
  • Advanced measurement techniques, including Flux Teq LLC heat flux sensors.
  • Nanoparticles in heat transfer fluids improved thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficients.
  • The use of nanoparticles reduced energy consumption, enhanced system efficiency, and optimized heat exchange performance.
Keywords
Numerical investigation; Nanofluids; Heat transfer; Turbulent flow; Thermophysical properties
References
  1. Z. N. Hussain, J. M. Ali, H. S. Majdi, and A. J. Sultan, Study the Convective Heat Transfer Intensification by using Nanotechnology : A Review, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 97 (2024) 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427224010129
  2. Thermophysical Properties of Complex Materials, Thermophysical Properties of Complex Materials. 2019. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81990
  3. L. Godson, B. Raja, D. Mohan Lal, and S. Wongwises, Enhancement of heat transfer using nanofluids-An overview, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 14 (2010) 629-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.004
  4. Z. M. Omara, A. E. Kabeel, and F. A. Essa, Effect of using nanofluids and providing vacuum on the yield of corrugated wick solar still, Energy Convers. Manage., 103 (2015) 965-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.07.035
  5. Z. Guo, A review on heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids, J. Enhanc. Heat Transf., 27 (2020) 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.2019031575
  6. O. Hozien, W. M. El-Maghlany, M. M. Sorour, and Y. S. Mohamed, Experimental study on thermophysical properties of TiO2, ZnO and Ag water base nanofluids, J. Mol. Liq., 334 (2021) 116128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116128
  7. M. J. Uddin, K. S. Al Kalbani, M. M. Rahman, M. S. Alam, N. Al-Salti, and I. Eltayeb, Fundamentals of nanofluids: evolution, applications and new theory, International Journal of Biomathematics and Systems Biology, Int. J. Biomath. Syst. Biol., 2 (2016) 1-32.
  8. I. A. Ismail, M. Z. Yusoff, F. B. Ismail, and P. Gunnasegaran, Heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids: A review on recent applications and experiments, AIP Conf. Proc., 2035 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5075570
  9. A. A. Hussien, M. Z. Abdullah, N. M. Yusop, M. A. Al-Nimr, M. A. Atieh, and M. Mehrali, Experiment on forced convective heat transfer enhancement using MWCNTs/GNPs hybrid nanofluid and mini-tube, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 115 (2017) 1121-1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.08.120
  10. R. Anand, A. Raina, M. Irfan Ul Haq, M. J. Mir, O. Gulzar, and M. F. Wani, Synergism of TiO2 and Graphene as Nano-Additives in Bio-Based Cutting Fluid—An Experimental Investigation, Tribol. Trans., 64 (2021) 350-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2020.1842953
  11. F. I. Doshmanziari, M. R. Kadivar, M. Yaghoubi, D. Jalali-Vahid, and M. A. Arvinfar, Experimental and Numerical Study of Turbulent Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid in a Spiral-Coil Tube, Heat Transfer Eng., 38 (2017) 611-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2016.1200380
  12. M. Mahmoudi, M. R. Tavakoli, M. A. Mirsoleimani, A. Gholami, and M. R. Salimpour, Experimental and numerical investigation on forced convection heat transfer and pressure drop in helically coiled pipes using TiO2/water nanofluid, Int. J. Refrig., 74 (2017) 627-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.11.014
  13. M. Afrand, N. Sina, H. Teimouri, A. Mazaheri, M. R. Safaeiet, et al, Effect of Magnetic Field on Free Convection in Inclined Cylindrical Annulus Containing Molten Potassium, Int. J. Appl. Mech., 7 (2015) 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1758825115500520
  14. H. S. Majdi, H. A. Alabdly, M. F. Hamad, B. O. Hasan, and M. M. Hathal, Enhancement of Heat Transfer using Aluminum Oxide Nanofluid on Smooth and Finned Surfaces with COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation in Turbulent Flow, Al-Nahrain J. Eng. Sci., 22 (2019) 44-54. https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.22010044
  15. A. Sivakumar, N. Alagumurthi, and T. Senthilvelan, Experimental investigation of forced convective heat transfer performance in nanofluids of Al2O3/water and CuO/water in a serpentine shaped micro channel heat sink, Heat Mass Transf. und Stoffuebertragung, 52 (2016) 1265-1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1649-5
  16. E. Sadeghinezhad, H. Togun, M. Mehrali, P. S. Nejad, S. T. Latibari,  et al., An experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement for graphene nanoplatelets nanofluids in turbulent flow conditions, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 81 (2015) 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.10.006
  17. B. C. Pak and Y. I. Cho, Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles, Exp. Heat Transf. an Int. J., 11 (1998) 151-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916159808946559
  18. R. B. Bird, Transport phenomena, Appl. Mech. Rev., 55 (2002) R1–R4. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1424298
  19. A. M. Hussein, Thermal performance and thermal properties of hybrid nanofluid laminar flow in a double pipe heat exchanger, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 88 (2017) 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.05.015
  20. K. P. Venkitaraj, S. Suresh, T. Alwin Mathew, B. S. Bibin, and J. Abraham, An experimental investigation on heat transfer enhancement in the laminar flow of water/TiO2 nanofluid through a tube heat exchanger fitted with modified butterfly inserts, Heat Mass Transf., 54 (2018) 813–829.
  21. L. Megatif, A. Ghozatloo, A. Arimi, and M. Shariati-Niasar, Investigation of Laminar Convective Heat Transfer of a Novel Tio2-Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Water-Based Nanofluid, Exp. Heat Transf., 29 (2016) 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/08916152.2014.973974
  22. Rv. S. Ha and D. K. Das, Specific heat measurement of three nanofluids and development of new correlations, 2009.
  23. S. M. S. Murshed, K. C. Leong, and C. Yang, Investigations of thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 47 (2008) 560–568.
  24. F. W. Dittus, Heat Transfer in Automobile Radiators of the Tubular Type, Univ. Calif. Publ. Eng., 1930.
  25. H. Yarmand, S. Gharehkhani, G. Ahmadi, S. Shirazi, S. Baradaran, et al., Graphene nanoplatelets-silver hybrid nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer, Energy Convers. Manag., 100 (2015) 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.023
Statistics
Article View: 200
PDF Download: 304


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com