- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Improving the Analytical Method of Convergence Using Runge-Kutta Optimization Algorithm for Solving Fractional-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations | ||
| Journal of Education and Science | ||
| Article 7, Volume 34, Issue 3, July 2025, Pages 1-15 PDF (932.32 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2025.156375.1527 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Shwan Salo Abdal* 1; Kais Ismail Ibraheem2 | ||
| 1Supervisor Mathematics Specialist, Ninawa Education Department | ||
| 2Department of Mathematics, College of Pure Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul City, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Differential equations are equations that relate a function to one or more of its derivatives. Nonlinear means that the equation is not directly proportional to the function and its derivatives. In other words, its variables cannot be separated simply. The dependent variable and its derivatives are exponential, i.e. not of first order. Fractional order indicates that the derivatives in the equation are not necessarily of integer order (such as the first derivative or the second) and can even be a fraction, meaning that the order is a fractional number. To solve nonlinear ordinary differential equations with fractional derivation, the homotopy analytical method was used because solving these equations is not easy using the usual and well-known methods. However, the results of the homotopy method were not as accurate as required, so algorithms were used to improve the results of the homotopy method. Among these algorithms is the bird flock algorithm (HAM-PSO). In this research, the Runge-Kutta algorithm (HAM-OBE) was used to improve the results of the homotopy method. Through the examples in the diagram, it is noted that the bird flock algorithm (HAM-PSO) improved the results of the homotopy method by an error of 4.17e-02 As for the Runge-Kutta algorithm (HAM-OBE), it improved the results by an error of 4.6835e-07 By comparing the amount of errors with the Runge-Kutta algorithm (HAM-OBE), the results were improved by 99.99% compared to the exact solution, where the root mean square error (RMSE) was used as a fitness function to know the amount of improvement compared to the exact solution. This improvement is useful because nonlinear differential equations with spherical debt are useful in physics, chemistry, medical industries, body motion, and artificial intelligence. It has life applications such as studying sound waves and the movement of objects through fractional derivatives. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Keywords: Homotopy analysis method; Runge-Kutta optimization algorithm; nonlinear differential equations; fractional calculus | ||
|
Supplementary Files
|
||
|
Statistics Article View: 150 PDF Download: 166 |
||
