Criminal Liability for Threatening through Electronic Means

Ahmed, Marwan Hussein

doi:10.37651/aujlps.2025.157836.1475

	Criminal Liability for Threatening through Electronic Means
Journal of Anbar University for Law and Political Sciences
Article 35, Volume 15, Issue: 1 part 1, March 2025, Pages 970-996 PDF (898.69 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.37651/aujlps.2025.157836.1475
Author
Marwan Hussein Ahmed^*
University of Kirkuk - College of Law and Political Science
Abstract
This research addresses the topic of criminal liability for threats made through electronic means in Iraq. The study aims to analyze the legal framework of this crime and assess the effectiveness of current laws in combating it. The research begins by defining the crime of threats linguistically and terminologically, then discusses the characteristics and methods of electronic threats. It also examines the penalties for this crime under the Iraqi Penal Code, which range from imprisonment to detention. One of the key findings of the research is that the Iraqi Penal Code does not provide a clear definition of electronic threats, and the penalties prescribed for this crime may be insufficient to deter offenders. Additionally, the application of criminal liability faces legislative and legal challenges, including difficulties in proving the crime and determining judicial jurisdiction. In light of this, the research recommends the need to amend the Penal Code to enhance legal protection against electronic threats and to establish specialized courts for cybercrimes. It also emphasizes the importance of developing legislation and raising societal awareness to confront this phenomenon.
Keywords
Electronic threats; criminal liability; Iraqi Penal Code; cybercrimes

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